PSI - Issue 72

Toeri Fathuddin Yusuf et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 436–444

443

and differs from the experiment. This confirms that these models require a finer mesh size to accurately simulate the deformation pattern. 5. Summary and Conclusions This study aims to predict the strength of the Aluminum 6061-T651 plate used for the ship hull side against ballistic loads. There are four variations in the initial velocity of the projectile fired at the target plate. Numerical simulations were set up to replicate the experiments conducted in previous studies. The data obtained from the simulations were compared with the experimental data and presented in graphs. The results showed that the numerical simulation accurately predicted the projectile's residual velocity, aligning closely with the experimental results. In addition, the numerical simulation results show that at a certain point, the ( ⁄ ) ratio is no longer sensitive to mesh size, with stability reached at a mesh size of 0.0025. Although the ratio ( ⁄ ) at each velocity and mesh size, close to 1 is the best accuracy. A particular point achieves the highest accuracy, specifically at the projectile's initial velocity of 565 m/s with mesh sizes of 0.001 and 0.0015 mm, as well as at an initial velocity of 863 m/s, which demonstrates the best stability for each mesh size variation. A finer mesh size is required to simulate the deformation pattern and accurately represent the final deformation. References Ahzhan, M.F.A., Muttaqie, T., Prabowo, A.R., Fajri, A., Suryanto, S., Do, Q.T., Djordjevic, B., Baek, S.J., 2024. A procedural and technical experimental review on material tensile and impact properties under cryogenic temperatures. E3S Web of Conferences, 563, 02034 Alwan, F.H.A., Prabowo, A.R., Muttaqie, T., Muhayat, N., Ridwan, R., Laksono, F.B., 2022. Assessment of ballistic impact damage on aluminum and magnesium alloys against high velocity bullets by dynamic FE simulations. 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