PSI - Issue 72

Toeri Fathuddin Yusuf et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 436–444

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c)

d)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Pnum/Pexp

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Pnum/Pexp

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

Mesh Size (mm)

Mesh Size (mm)

Fig. 3. Comparison between numerical and experimental results in different mesh sizes for initial velocity: (a) 341 m/s, (b) 454 m/s, (c) 565 m/s, and (d) 863 m/s.

4.2. Final Deformation Shape In addition to investigating the relationship between residual velocity and mesh size, this study also explores the effect of mesh size on the final deformation shape of the Aluminum 6061-T651 target plate. The final deformation of the target plate at an initial projectile velocity of 863 m/s is shown in Fig. 4.

a)

b)

c)

d)

Fig. 4. Final deformation shape of the target plate after receiving an impact with an initial velocity of 863 m/s with mesh size in impact zone: (a) 0.001 mm, (b) 0.0015 mm, (c) 0.0025 mm, and (d) 0.0045 mm.

Based on Fig. 4, the prediction of the final shape of the target plate deformation is close to the experimental results when the mesh size is relatively small. In contrast, using larger mesh sizes results in increasingly indistinct deformation shapes. This indicates that the numerical simulation cannot produce smooth deformation of the target plate geometry after impact with the projectile. For example, in Fig. 4(a), the deformation of the target plate is more realistic and similar to the experimental results compared to Fig. 4(d), which produces coarser deformation contours