PSI - Issue 72

Kevin Fabian Arsaputera et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 409–417

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The graph in Figure 1 illustrates the projectile’s velocity changes over a specific time period, indicating that the projectile can penetrate the plate after a particular duration. At 0.01 ms, the projectile’s velocity changes, indicating impact with the plate at an initial velocity of 115.6 m/s. By 0.02 ms, the projectile’s velocity stabilizes, indicating that it has thoroughly penetrated the plate.

Figure 2. Deformation of the target plate impacted by a projectile at an initial velocity of 115.6 m/s.

Figure 3. Displacement contour of the target plate impacted by a projectile at an initial velocity of 115.6 m/s.

Table 3. Summary of the mesh convergence results.

Mesh Size (mm)

Residual Velocity (m/s)

Error (%)

Variation

Impact zone

Non-impact zone

1 2 3 4 5 6

0.16 0.20 0.25

10 15 20 20 20 20

93.54 93.52 92.92 89.58 84.91 80.92

0.023 0.658 4.228 9.222

0.3

0.35 0.40

13.494

This study conducted a mesh convergence analysis to reduce computational time and achieve more efficient numerical simulation results. Mesh convergence was performed by comparing mesh sizes against residual velocity values. This study applied mesh convergence to target plates from previous research. Table 3 presents various mesh size configuration variations used in this convergence study. Based on the target plate configuration variations, the analysis compared the residual velocity results from the numerical simulation at an initial projectile velocity of 115.6 m/s.