PSI - Issue 72

Khedim Fatima Zahra et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 479–490

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attention over the past period of time. Plant extracts have proven to be an important source of eco-friendly, readily available and renewable materials for a wide range of corrosion prevention formulations, Lgaz et al. (2018). Speller et al. (1927) is one of the first to use corrosion organic inhibitors on the immersed water pipes with HCl media. Inhibits corrosion by adsorbing the steel surface, thus protecting the metal surface from corrosive degradations, and the presence of heterogeneous atoms such as phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen etc. makes them it effective in a diversity of acid solutions, Al-Amiery (2022). The literature contains many references to green corrosion inhibitors. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of articles published. Interest in this study mainly on the inhibitor extracted from the different plants and on particular “Calotropis procera” or also called Apple of Sodom , Wikipedia a. 2. Overview on the Synthetic inhibition in pipelines In the transportation of gas and oil, various types of synthetic corrosion inhibitors are used to protect the industrial installations from corrosion and degradation. The use of synthetic corrosion inhibitors dates back to the early of 20th century (1900s), Obot et al. (2019), Hughes et al. (2022), It was popular used during this time to protect the metal of carbon steel against corrosion, Obot et al. (2019). This inhibitor is composed of two categories, organic and inorganic. In the beginning, inorganic synthetic inhibitors compounds are substances that are inorganic in nature such as chromates, phosphates, molybdates, and silicates, Have a wider range of industrial applications Al-Amiery (2023b), such as boilers, Wikipedia b, and pipelines, Iswanto et al. (2019). It prevents corrosion by reacting with the anodic or cathodic parts of the process, Kamaruzzaman (2022). Are more effective, reliable, have a longer shelf life than natural inhibitors Al-Amiery (2023a). They work excellently at environments high-temperatures and high-pressure for longer periods, where organic inhibitors may not be suitable, Mustafa et al. (2022). in other hand, we have organic synthetic inhibitors contain nitrogen, oxygen, and/or sulfur are considered as competent industrial corrosion inhibitors, Goyal et al. (2023).The most common types are Organic film-forming amines, Imidazolines, and quaternary ammonium compounds, It adsorbs on the metal surface and block corrosive agents from reaching the metal, Al-Jabani (2020), Nouryon (2025).Combining inorganic and organic inhibitors can provide a synergistic effect that enhances overall corrosion protection, Ralkhal (2019), El Aadad (2021). It is important to choose the correct type of corrosion inhibitor based on the specific conditions and necessities of the gas and oil transportation system. The selection of inhibitors should consider factors such as the type of corrosion, the presence of corrosive agents (such as CO 2 , H 2 S, organic acids), and the environmental impact of the inhibitors. 3. New tendency to propose Green corrosion inhibitor Corrosion is an inevitable but avoidable process. One practical way to control the impact of steel corrosion especially in environments is to use corrosion inhibitors that contain mainly organic or inorganic materials. Therefore, the choice of corrosion inhibitors must also be consistent with non-toxicity criteria, since most traditional corrosion inhibitors have been considered highly toxic to living systems and have negative environmental impacts, due to Hazards arising from the toxicity of inhibitors have forced the search for nontoxic corrosion inhibitors called “green corrosion inhibitors.” It is based on natural products or plant extracts , Rehioui (2023), De Souza Morais (2023), Zakeri et al. (2022). Green corrosion inhibitors have been successfully implemented in different industries over time not near them compared to synthetic inhibitors, the following curve also shows the number of works completed in the past 10 years, ScienceDirect. Green inhibitors act by adsorbing on the surface of metals or alloys in a corrosive environment. They are added in very low concentrations to treat the metal surface, Plant extracts, which are rich in naturally synthesized chemical compounds, are commonly used as green inhibitors. The major types are flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, catechins, co-enzymes, and include several amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, and proteins… Didouh et al. (2023). These compounds adsorb on the metal surface, affecting the corrosion rate by changing the rate of anodic and/or cathodic reactions and influencing the diffusion rate of aggressive ions interacting with the metal structure, Shehata et al. (2018).