PSI - Issue 70

P. Saravana Kumar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 43–50

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significantly larger bending deflections by Omina R et al. (2023). These bending deflections play a critical role in design considerations, while shear deflections are usually minimal and often disregarded. Beam cross-sections come in various designs, aiming to maximize efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Most steel beams are not solid but have material strategically distributed in thin walls to improve performance by Ghada M.Hekal et al. (2023). Thin-walled sections can be open, which makes them more vulnerable to torsion but more economical to produce than closed, stiffer sections. One of the most cost-efficient ways to manufacture steel beams is through hot rolling, though the variety of open cross-sections is limited. When a suitable hot-rolled beam is unavailable, an alternative is fabricating beams by assembling rolled plates, a practice that is becoming increasingly popular by Ahmad G.Saad et al. (2024). Fabrication techniques also allow the production of composite beams by combining hot-rolled members with plates, as well as hybrid beams with high-yield-strength flanges compared to the web by Nasery et al. (2023). Additionally, tapered and castellated beams can be manufactured from hot-rolled sections by Christian et al. (2024). In many cases, steel beams are used to support reinforced concrete slabs. Their strength can be enhanced by connecting the steel and concrete to form a composite structure by Loganathan P et al. (2023). Fire resistance can also be improved by encasing the beam in concrete. The final selection of the beam cross-section depends on the specific application and cost-effectiveness. Impact analysis is highly complex, especially in situations like vehicle collisions with traffic barriers, where large displacements, material non-linearity, elasticity, and high strain rates are involved by Mohammad et al. (2023). While finite element methods provide accurate solutions by adjusting modeling assumptions to match test results, practical engineering estimates can be obtained through fundamental principles and simplified assumptions. This study integrates both experimental tests and analytical methods to assess the energy absorption, stiffness, vibration, and deflection behavior of different beam sections, namely ISMB 100, ISMB 125 and ISMB 200. 2. Materials and Methodology The analytical study of steel beam behavior is divided into two types, Static and dynamic behavior. Further the deflection, strain and stiffness behavior of steel beam is to be determined in static behavior. In the dynamic behavior deflection, strain, energy and stiffness behavior of steel beam can be determined. Three hot-rolled steel sections are considered in the investigation. The section properties are listed in the Table 1.

Table 1. Section properties of several beams.

ISMB 100

ISMB 125

ISMB 200

Section

Wt. per meter (N) Area of C.S, A(mm 2 ) Depth of Section D (mm) Width of flange, b f (mm) Thickness of flange, t f (mm) Thickness of web, t w (mm)

115

130

254

1460

1660

3233 200 100 10.8

100

125

75

75

7.2 4.0

7.6 4.4

5.7

I ZZ (x10

4 mm 4 )

257.5 40.8 1000

449.0 43.7 1500

2235.4

Iyy (x10 4 mm 4 )

150

Span(mm)

1500

2.1 Static Loading Setup The specimens are tested in a 100-ton loading frame. Static load is applied to the beam through a screw jack. The applied load is measured using a 10-ton proving ring. The load is applied gradually through a screw jack. The static loading is done for three different beam specimens. The deflection is measured at the mid-point using a dial gauge. Dial gauge of least count 0.01mm was used for measuring deflection. The strain at the midpoint is measured using a