PSI - Issue 70

Sidhartha Parida et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 335–342

337

3.2 Bottom ash

Bottom ash, a by-product of combustion in power plants is a course, granular material formed from incombustible minerals and unburned carbon. Table 2 show the physical properties of bottom ash.

Table 2: Physical properties of Bottom ash Properties Values Loose state 1540Kg/m 3 Compacted state 1615Kg/m 3 Specific gravity 3.05 Fineness modulus 2.3

3.3 Copper slag

Copper slag is a byproduct from copper smelting and refining processes, containing copper, iron, and impurities, and its composition varies based on the ore and production process. Table 3 show the physical properties of copper slag. Table 3: Physical properties of copper slag Properties Values Loose state 1881Kg/m 3 Compacted state 2119Kg/m 3 Specific gravity 4.0 Fineness modulus 3.61 3.4. Coarse aggregate A machine crushed granite stone aggregate of maximum size 12.5mm and retained on 4.75 mm sieve as per IS: 383-1970 was used for experimental purposes. Tests such as fineness modulus, specific gravity, bulk density, aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing values were performed as per IS: 2386-1963 and the results are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Physical properties of coarse aggregate Properties Values Loose state 1328Kg/m 3 Compacted state 1680Kg/m 3 Specific gravity 2.66 Fineness modulus 6.9 3.5. Superplasticizer Conplast SP430 is based on Sulphonated Napthalene Polymers and supplied as a brown liquid instantly dispersible in water. Conplast SP430 has been specially formulated to give high water reductions upto 25% without loss of workability or to produce high quality concrete of reduced permeability. The properties are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Properties of superplasticizer Properties

Values

Specific gravity Chloride content

1.14@30°C Nil to IS:456

Air entrainment Approx.

1% additional air is entrained

4. Mix proportion Bottom ash and copper slag are to be blended in proportion and well mixed. This resulting blend is used as a replacement for the fine aggregate in the M30 grade self compacting mix design. The composite paste is then filled in molds and air cured. The molds are stripped after 24 hours, and the specimens are kept in ambient curing conditions for 28 days.

2452 3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER