PSI - Issue 52

Satrio Wicaksono et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 438–454

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As shown in Figure 7, it can be concluded that the numerical results have also succeeded in visualizing delamination failure in the adhesive layer. Delamination occurs in the cleat area due to crippling deformation that occurs.

Figure 7 Output of delamination in numerical model.

Figure 8 shows the value of kinetic energy and contact force against time of the test results and the numerical results. It can be seen that the maximum contact force of the test results and the numerical results are very close with a difference of 2.03%. As shown in Figure 9, especially in the area marked by yellow circle, there was a drop in the contact force from the test results (blue line) for a few moments before the contact force finally increased again. This is presumably due to a significant drop in the stiffness of the core sandwich when core crushing begins to occur in the horizontal sandwich, which causing the contact force to also drops momentarily until the impactor hits the compacted part of the foam again.

Kinetic Energy

Contact

Time [ms]

Time [ms]

Figure 8 Comparison of (a) kinetic energy history plot and (b) contact force history plot between results of numerical simulation and experimental test.