PSI - Issue 52

Satrio Wicaksono et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 52 (2024) 438–454 Satrio Wicaksono et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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Contact Force [kN]

Time [ms]

Figure 9 Contact force history plot comparison between numerical simulation and experimental test results.

In the numerical modelling, the element deletion of the foam area on the horizontal sandwich, right in the contact area with the impactor, was not activated, because this feature will bring up visualization of cracks that should not have happened. Table 5 shows the comparison between the results of the analysis using element deletion and without element deletion. When comparing both results with the experimental results, the model without element deletion is closer to the test results.

Table 5 Effect of element deletion to the failure visualization of horizontal sandwich structure.

Method

Damage visualization

With element deletion

Without element deletion

Experimental test

Based on the results shown in Figure 10, it can be concluded that with the element deletion, the model produced a contact force reduction curve similar to the test results and the time to reach the maximum contact force to be later than the test results. In the simulation results, the element deletion continues until the foam stiffness is completely