PSI - Issue 38

Nitish Shetye et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 38 (2022) 538–545 Shetye et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2021) 000 – 000

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Table 10. Energy required for the use phase components.

Energy [GJ/tonne]

Conventional Steel

HYBRIT Steel

6.3

5.1

Processing ( E Pro ) Recycling ( E Rec )

-15.1

-14.4

tonne )

-8.8

-9.3

Total ( E EOL

Table 11. End-of-life energy for the two bogie beams .

Energy [MJ]

A30 Original

A30 Optimized

-361.9 -379.4

-238.9 -250.4

Conventional Steel

HYBRIT Steel

3.6. Total Life-cycle energy The summary of the results of the total life-cycle energy for A30 Original and A30 Optimized can be seen in Figures 4a-b respectively. This is with the assumption of that the service life of a articulated hauler and the corresponding bogie beam is 20,000 hours.

Figure 4. Total Life-cycle energy for a) A30 Original, b) A30 Optimized.

The energy consumption of the material extraction and bogie manufacturing phases were negligible as compared to the rest. For HYBRIT Steel, the steel production process had a 4.90% reduction in energy consumption for both A30 Original and A30 Optimized as seen in Tables 12 and 13 respectively. Also, during the end-of-life phase, HYBRIT Steel recovered around 4.8% more energy than Conventional Steel. In total, HYBRIT saved 8.32% and 8.16% energy for A30 Original and A30 Optimized respectively.

Table 12. Life cycle energy - A30 Original.

Conventional Steel Energy [MJ]

HYBRIT Steel Energy [MJ]

Percentage Difference

Material Extraction Steel Production

22.3

22.3

0.00% 4.90% 0.00% 0.00% -4.86% 8.32%

617.8

587.6

Bogie Manufacturing

41.3

41.3

Use Phase End-of-Life

224.3 -342.3 563.5

224.3 -358.9 516.6

Total