PSI - Issue 59

O. Fomin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024) 523–530

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O. Fomin et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

Cracks or breaks in the details of the threshold of the end door, up to 150 mm long, are welded together with overlays. After repair, the end door must meet the following technical requirements: - a continuous or wedge-shaped gap in the places where the side straps adjoin the corner posts in the closed position of the door should be no more than 10 mm; - the difference in the diagonals of the sash is allowed no more than 7 mm; - local gaps between the lower strapping and the threshold are allowed no more than 6 mm on a length of no more than 500 mm. Requirements for the repair of freight wagon frames. Frames, their parts and assemblies, as well as welded joints are cleaned of dirt, paint coatings that have collapsed, and rust is peeled off. Control of the technical condition is carried out by visual inspection and, if necessary, measurement of the thickness of the remaining metal using ultrasonic thickness gauges. Beams of wagon frames (Fig. 3) with cracks and breaks, as well as backbone beams with abrasions and cracks in the places where absorbing devices are installed, are repaired in accordance with the requirements of "Instructions for welding and surfacing in the repair of freight wagons", "Technological process of repair by welding of load bearing elements cargo pads" TK-07-TVM. If the safety bars of the friction device on the spinal beam are worn more than 8 mm from the dimensions of the drawing, the bar must be replaced.

Fig. 3. Damage to the beams of the freight wagon frame.

Deflection of lateral, longitudinal and spinal beams in the horizontal and vertical planes by more than 50 mm for the entire length of the beam (including for long-base platforms) is not allowed; for intermediate, pivot and end beams of wagons of all types - no more than 20 mm, as well as the deflection of the end of the end beam, in which the connection between it and the corner post is broken.

Table 1. List of the most typical damage to freight wagons. Wagon type Main types of malfunctions Open wagon

Absence or damage of door leaves, door locking devices and hatch covers Absence or damage of the hatch cover Breakage of racks, upper or lower harness, body damage

Frame beams damaged by corrosion from 15 to 30% of the cross-section are repaired by welding in accordance with the "Instructions for welding and surfacing in the repair of freight wagons" and "Technological process of repair by welding of load-bearing elements of freight wagons using overlays" TK-07-TVM, if therefore, their individual elements (horizontal shelves, vertical walls) have a thickness of at least half of the structural thickness. Measurements should be carried out with an ultrasonic thickness gauge of type A1207, A1207C, A1208 or other types that ensure the required accuracy of measurements. Typical and promising (composite) designs of the open wagon bodies. The body of the open wagon does not have a roof, which provides convenience for the use of various means of mechanization when loading and unloading cargo (overhead and gantry cranes, wagon dumpers, etc.). All universal open wagons have hatches in the metal floor for unloading bulk goods by gravity. The bodies of universal four-axle and eight-axle open wagons have similar designs of individual elements and are built in different versions. Their design uses typical covers of unloading hatches, similar rolled and bent profiles, as well as stamped products. Open wagons of the 12-757 model have a reinforced body structure capable of withstanding a load of up to 75