PSI - Issue 59

O. Fomin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024) 523–530 525 Oleksij Fomin, Oleksandr Kozinka, Vadym Ishchenkoc, Oleksij Burlutskyy / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000 3

Fig. 1. Specialized four-axle open wagon with a hollow body 12-1592 (a) side view; (b) view from above. 1- hatch; 2-metal floor; 3-frame; 4 body of an open wagon.

Specialized open wagons with hollow bodies, created for the transportation of bulk goods in closed routes with unloading on wagon dumpers, are much more efficient than universal ones used for the same purposes. This is explained by the fact that in specialized open wagons during transportation, losses of bulk cargo are reduced (up to 12%), capital costs for the manufacture of wagons are reduced (up to 15%), the cost of transportation is reduced (up to 14%) with the same axle, and repair and maintenance costs are reduced maintenance of bodies in operation. A distinctive feature of specialized open wagons is the presence of an inclination of the side and end walls, rounding of the combination of the side wall and floors, smooth lining of the side and end walls. These changes in the design allow you to unload the transported cargo without any residue. In order to prevent damage to the body during unloading in wagon tippers, the binding of the side walls has been strengthened, and the number of intermediate racks has also been increased. The racks have a frame structure to increase the safety margin. In open wagons, a flat stamped heel with a height of 90 mm was used, which lowered the center of gravity and improved the dynamic characteristics of the wagons. The main bearing elements of the frame are made of vanadium-containing steel of the 12G2FD grade of strength. Requirements for the repair of the open wagon bodies. A vertical deflection of the upper harness over the entire length of the wagon of more than 50 mm is eliminated by correcting or replacing a part of the upper harness in the place of the defect. If the length of the cracks exceeds 200 mm, the upper and lower straps are repaired by welding the inserts. No more than 5 joints with a distance of at least 1 meter between them are allowed on one side of the wagon in the upper binding. Joints should be placed in inter-post openings at a distance of at least 300 mm to the nearest post. Faulty end doors (Fig. 2), their locks and parts for attaching the door to the corner post are restored or replaced with new or repaired ones.

Fig. 2. (a) Faulty end door; (b) faulty locking mechanism.

Doors and other details must correspond to the type of the wagon. When repairing wagons, it is not allowed to change their design without approval in accordance with the established procedure. Dents and bends of the upper sheets of transverse beams more than 30 mm are eliminated by straightening or boiling new parts.