PSI - Issue 48

Samira Belhour et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 48 (2023) 288–295 Belhour et al/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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1. Introduction The mode of road transport is increasingly criticized because of these major repercussions on the environment and public health. Greenhouse gases as well as fine particles and ozone are the main causes. Thus, for a sustainable development perspective, the attraction for public transport increases. From now on, urban guided transport (metros and trams) is being increasingly developed because of their quality of transport [Pojaniand Stead (2015), Ceder (2021)]. In large cities, the use of public transport is inevitable for several reasons. It improves environmental quality, protects energy resources, reduces congestion, improves air quality and health, etc. [Gupta (2016), Beti et al. (2021), Hepburn et al. (2021)]. Overall, it also generates significant economic, social and environmental benefits for society. Thus, rail transport has an undeniable impact on the economic growth of all countries [Alamet al. (2021), Sharma and Chauhan (2022), Aibet al. (2015)], it is an essential complement to its large capacity to transport mass in comfort that can exceed other means of transport. However, the slightest error or disruption can have very serious consequences on the national economy causing significant losses of all kinds, in particular bodily and/or material damage [Carrivickand Tweed (2016), Erkutet al. (2007), Kronet al. (2019)]. Thus, mastering maintenance and mitigating its consequences are of paramount importance [Kahloucheet al. (2016), Kahloucheand Chaib (2017), Hassaniet al. (2020), Hellaset al. (2019)]. Because of that and because it’s a new mode of transportation, improving the quality of services and user satisfaction represent the challenges to be overcome in order to encourage citizens to take public transport safely and to abandon their personal cars, or even to ensure that facilities are properly maintained, avoidance and prevention of risks are necessary. Therefore, in this work, we are interested in developing an action plan that meets the expectations of operators and users. This study is part of the classic a posteriori analysis of malfunctions aimed at understanding the origins of disturbances that can lead to accidents by determining their causes and thus making preventive actions possible. It aims to propose a new method to optimize the operation of the Constantine tramway, based on the feedback of experience from the operating period already achieved. This work is a first analysis in service of a new mode of guided transport in Algeria, which is the Tramway of the city of Constantine, Figure 1. Thus, manage to diagnose the current operation of the line and its performance, to improve the availability and operation of the fleet in a safe operation, or even to propose an action plan meeting commercial and security expectations.

Figure 1. General view of the Constantine tramway line.

2. Working methodology Continuous improvement is an essential approach to ensure the sustainability of technological systems and the improvement of their performance [Costa et al. (2019), Kharzi et al. (2020)]. It is one of the principles of quality management in companies [Frolovaand Lapina (2015)]. It is a strong and essential management act; it aims to optimise the overall performance of the company to lead a lasting and permanent positive change [Singh(2015), Ivanaj et al. (2021)]; this allows to identify priorities in the actions to be carried out, especially in maintenance to maintain the fleet in a satisfactory and sustainable functional state in rail transport. To do this, a work methodology is proposed with the objective of a posteriori analysis of failures to understand the origins of disturbances while determining their causes with