PSI - Issue 64

Eun-Rim Baek et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1117–1124 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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3. Results Table 1 provides a summary of the experimental results is presented, including the peak force, F max , in the positive and negative directions and the absolute difference to the control specimen CT- 1, |Δ F max |, for the two retrofitted specimens RT-TRM and RT-TCP. The drift at which the peak force is also given ( δ max ), and so are the cumulative energy dissipation ( E d ) and the initial lateral peak-to-peak stiffness, K i . Fig. 3 compares the hysteretic behaviour of the three RC frame specimens. As can be seen, the global behaviour of the two retrofitted specimens is very similar, with both providing significant strength increases compared to the control specimen, with +28.6 and +33.1% for RT-TRM and RT-TCP, respectively. The TCP solution provided a stiffer initial response (+22.1%) compared to RT-TRM (+2.8%), as well as a higher increase in the ultimate drift capacity ( δ u = 1.37 mm compared to 1.13 mm for RT-TCP and RT-TRM, respectively). Significant increases in energy dissipation were also obtained for either retrofit scheme. In both cases, the onset of damage was delayed; however, significant cracking was observed for both retrofit schemes in the drift cycles following the peak load. In the TRM+XPS solution, the main damage to the retrofit occurred on the side where the XPS panel was positioned between the two B-TRM layers. Cracking on the external surface of the B-TRM was initiated at low drift levels on the XPS side; however, no detachment or relative deformation between the XPS and the TRM layers was observed. For the TCP solution, the damage was mainly concentrated at the B-TRM side, with the TCPs not suffering any significant damage on their surface. Significant horizontal sliding was however observed between the two rows of TCP at high drifts.

Table 1. Summary of the main experimental response quantities for the infilled RC frames.

|Δ F max |

F max [kN]

δ max [%]

K i

E d

Specimen

[%]

[kN/mm]

[kNm]

+154.13 -120.56 +198.25 -195.60 +189.32 -205.08

+0.74 -0.75 +0.99 -0.74 +0.99 -0.76

CT-1

-

38.25

30.21

39.34 (+2.8%) 46.71 (+22.1%)

82.88 (+174.3%) 93.44 (+209.3%)

RT-TRM

+28.6

RT-TCP

+33.1