PSI - Issue 44

Caprino Amedeo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 1578–1585 A. Caprino et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000

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be detected. On the other hand, different issues have been pointed out while performing the analysis. First, a georeferencing problem affects the measurement points both in the planimetry and in the elevation, impacting on the reliability of the analysis. Moreover, LOS displacement time series are subject to high noise effect, which may compromise the statistical correlation with other type of data. However, since a seasonal behavior is recognizable in most of the displacement time series, future works could involve the correlation between displacement data and other environmental parameters, such as the groundwater level considering the proximity to a waterway. Acknowledgements Project carried out using COSMO-SkyMed Products, © of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), delivered under a license to use by ASI. References Cavalagli, N., Kita, A., Falco, S., Trillo, F., Costantini, M., Ubertini, F., 2019. Satellite radar interferometry and in-situ measurements for static monitoring of historical monuments: The case of Gubbio, Italy. Remote Sens. Environ. 235, 111453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111453 Cigna, F., Lasaponara, R., Masini, N., Milillo, P., Tapete, D., 2014. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Processing of COSMO-SkyMed StripMap HIMAGE Time Series to Depict Deformation of the Historic Centre of Rome, Italy. Remote Sens. 6, 12593 – 12618. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212593 ENVI, I., 2004. ENVI User’s Guide. Research Systems Inc. Ferretti, A., Prati, C., Rocca, F., 2001. Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 39, 8 – 20. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.898661 Floris, M., Fontana, A., Tessari, G., Mulè, M., 2019. Subsidence Zonation Through Satellite Interferometry in Coastal Plain Environments of NE Italy: A Possible Tool for Geological and Geomorphological Mapping in Urban Areas. Remote Sens. 11, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11020165 Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., 2014. Multivariate data analysis, Seventh edition. ed. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow. Lee Rodgers, J., Nicewander, W.A., 1988. Thirteen Ways to Look at the Correlation Coefficient. Am. Stat. 42, 59 – 66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1988.10475524 Lenticchia, E., Miraglia, G., Ceravolo, R., 2021. Exploring Problems and Prospective of Satellite Interferometric Data for the Seismic Structural Health Monitoring of Existing Buildings and Architectural Heritage. Presented at the 10th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, SHMII 10, Porto, Portugal. Lu, G.Y., Wong, D.W., 2008. An adaptive inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Comput. Geosci. 34, 1044 – 1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.010 Macchiarulo, V., Milillo, P., Blenkinsopp, C., Giardina, G., 2022. Monitoring deformations of infrastructure networks: A fully automated GIS integration and analysis of InSAR time-series. Struct. Health Monit. https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217211045912 Open Access Hub [WWW Document], 2022. URL https://scihub.copernicus.eu/ (accessed 6.23.22). sarmap, 2022. PS Tutorial - Version 5.6.2. Sartorelli, L., Previtali, M., Giordano, P.F., Limongelli, M.P., Ballio, F., Uttini, A., 2021. Use of Sar Satellite Data in Bridge Monitoring with Application to Urban Areas, in: Rainieri, C., Fabbrocino, G., Caterino, N., Ceroni, F., Notarangelo, M.A. (Eds.), Civil Structural Health Monitoring. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 935 – 955. Selvakumaran, S., Plank, S., Geiß, C., Rossi, C., Middleton, C., 2018. Remote monitoring to predict bridge scour failure using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) stacking techniques. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation 73, 463 – 470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.07.004 Shepard, D., 1968. A Two-Dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data, in: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM National Conference, ACM ’68. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 517– 524. https://doi.org/10.1145/800186.810616 Tapete, D., Cigna, F., 2012. Rapid Mapping and Deformation Analysis over Cultural Heritage and Rural Sites Based on Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. Int. J. Geophys. 2012, 1 – 19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/618609 Xiong, S., Wang, C., Qin, X., Zhang, B., Li, Q., 2021. Time-Series Analysis on Persistent Scatter-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS InSAR) Derived Displacements of the Hong Kong – Zhuhai – Macao Bridge (HZMB) from Sentinel-1A Observations. Remote Sens. 13, 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040546 Zhu, M., Wan, X., Fei, B., Qiao, Z., Ge, C., Minati, F., Vecchioli, F., Li, J., Costantini, M., 2018. Detection of Building and Infrastructure Instabilities by Automatic Spatiotemporal Analysis of Satellite SAR Interferometry Measurements. Remote Sens. 10, 1816. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111816