PSI - Issue 37

Andrzej Katunin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 37 (2022) 195–202 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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5. Conclusions and future developments The modeling of BVID in composite structures based on the RE concept using NDT and FE results, was proposed in this paper. The performed experiments allowed developing generic shapes of BVID caused by variable types of impactors and various impact energy values and constructing the parametric models, which can be further used in FE models to predict the structural residual life of a composite component based on numerical simulations only without a necessity of performing destructive tests. The results of the developed approach can be prospectively used during inspections of PMC aircraft structures as a tool of an enhancement of BVID detection and identification as well as further evaluation of the structural residual life, which is in agreement with the concepts of damage tolerance and condition-based monitoring accepted worldwide by international and national airworthiness authorities. The presented results are a part of on-going study aimed at the development of a comprehensive methodology of the estimation of the structural residual life in composite elements being operated and subjected to low-velocity impact loading. In the next steps, the experimental evaluation of the residual life of composite structures is planned based on the destructive compression after impact (CAI) tests. Simultaneously, the numerical simulations of CAI tests will be performed both with the geometry of BVID reconstructed directly from NDT testing as well as the geometry of BVID resulting from the FE simulations presented in this study. Based on the obtained results, a general model for a structural residual life will be developed. Acknowledgements The results presented in this paper were obtained within the framework of research grant No. 2017/25/N/ST8/01009 financed by the National Science Centre, Poland. The authors would like to acknowledge Jakub Kotowski, Paulina Kamińska and Piotr Synaszko from the Air Force Institute of Technology (Warsaw) for their contribution and help during ultrasonic testing, and Sebastian Radowski from Key Solutions Sp. z o.o. for providing the script enabling the creation of points in the space of the CATIA V5 system based on an external set of coordinates. References Bieniaś, J., Jakubczak, P., S urowska, B., Dragan, K., 2015. Low-Energy Impact Behaviour and Damage Characterization of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Aluminium Hybrid Laminates. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 15, 925. Bingol, O.R., Schiefelbein, B., Grandin, R.J., Holland S.D., Krishnamurthy, A., 2017. Incorporation of Composite Defects from Ultrasonic NDE into CAD and FE models. AIP Conference Proceedings 1806, 150004. Bingol, O.R., Schiefelbein, B., Grandin, R.J., Holland S.D., Krishnamurthy, A., 2019. An Integrated Framework for Solid Modeling and Structural Analysis of Layered Composites with Defects. Computer Aided Design 106, 1. Danek, W., Katunin, A., Wronkowicz-Katunin, A., 2020. Analysis of Selected Parameters in Numerical Modeling of Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Composite Structures. Procedia Structural Integrity 25, 19. Katunin, A., Wronkowicz- Katunin, A., Danek, W., Wyleżoł, M., 2021. Modeling of a Realistic Barely Visible Impact Damage in Composite Structures Based on NDT Techniques and Numerical Simulations. Composite Structures 267, 113889. Katunin, A., Wronkowicz-Katunin, A., Dragan, K., 2020. Impact Damage Evaluation in Composite Structures Based on Fusion of Results of Ultrasonic Testing and X-ray Computed Tomography. Sensors 20, 1867. Melin, L.G., Schön, J., 2001. Buckling Behaviour and Delamination Growth in Impacted Composite Specimens Under Fatigue Load: An Experimental Study. Composites Science and Technology 61, 1841. Ogasawara, T., Sugimoto, S., Katoh, H., Ishikawa, T., 2013. Fatigue Behavior and Lifetime Distribution of Impact-Damaged Carbon Fiber/Toughened Epoxy Composites Under Compressive Loading. Advanced Composite Materials 22, 65. Salvetti, M., Gilioli, A., Sbarufatti, C., Dragan, K., Chalimoniuk, M., Manes, A., Giglio, M., 2016. Analytical Model to Describe Damage in CFRP Specimen When Subjected to Low Velocity Impacts. Procedia Engineering 167, 2. Santos, M., Santos, J., Reis, P., Amaro, A., 2021. Ultrasonic C-scan Techniques for the Evaluation of Impact Damage in CFRP. Materials Testing 63, 131. Sławski, S., Kaczmarczyk, J., Szymiczek, M., Pakieła, W., 2021. Numerical Studies on the Influence of a Reinforcing Material on the Energy Absorption in a Multilayered Composite during Impacts. Mechanics of Composite Materials 57, 309. Sławski, S., Szymiczek, M., Kaczmarczyk, J., Domin, J., Świtoński, E., 2020. Low Velocity Impact Response and Tensile Strength of Epoxy Composites with Different Reinforcing Materials. Materials 13, 3059. Sohn, M.S., Hu, X.Z., Kim, J.K., Walker, L., 2000. Impact Damage Characterisation of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites with Multi-Layer Reinforcement. Composites Part B: Engineering 31, 681.