PSI - Issue 27

Mufti Reza Aulia Putra et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 27 (2020) 147–154 Putra and Tjahjana / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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5. Computational investigations in estimating fracture: A review 5.1. Calculation of braking torque on a vehicle

Braking must be able to absorb kinetic energy from a moving vehicle. In doing the braking process, it is necessary to calculate. One of the calculations needed is the braking torque requirement. Braking torque will affect the design of the braking system used if the need for braking torque is greater than the ability of the braking system. Then, the risk of failure will be even higher. The study of Mackin (2002) has explained the calculation of the required braking torque using the vehicle dynamic in Fig. 5, who had carried out the following calculations:

Fig. 5. Vehicle dynamic (Mackin et al., 2002).

Braking force equation: 1 = ( −∆ 2 ) cos( )−ℎ sin( )− 1 2 − ℎ ̇ +∆ 1 +∆ 2 2 = ( −∆ 2 ) cos( )−ℎ sin( )− 1 2 − ℎ ̇ +∆ 1 +∆ 2 With, 1 = 2 [ ℎ − + ( − ∆ 2 ) 2 ] 2 = 2 [ ℎ − + ( − ∆ 1 ) 2 ]

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) Eqs 1-4 can be used to perform calculations when it is assumed that the road is a flat road with a 0 elevation. Meanwhile, Eq. 5 is a friction coefficient calculation process. After calculating the required torque, the next thing to do is calculate the wear from the braking used. The level of wear that occurs is influenced by the friction coefficient that can be calculated with the mentioned equation. = × × (5) By doing calculations in advance, it will be able to know the performance needed from a braking system. 5.2. Simulation Process After the braking torque calculation process is done, the process that can be done is to do the modeling process (Bagnoli et al., 2009). The modeling process can also be used as an analysis of the heat generated after the braking operation (Karthikeyan et al., 2019). As a study conducted by Karthiyekan, 2019 (Karthikeyan et al., 2019) which analyzed the deformation caused during the braking process. The simulation process can be carried out to get an overview of the performance of the braking components quickly. The use of simulation must pay attention to the