PSI - Issue 84

Marco Civera et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 49–56

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stress at the half-joints (via properly located and oriented displacement transducers). Temperature sensors are also located along the deck main axis to monitor the external temperature, in order to correlate the other sensors’ readings with that damage-unrelated variable and depurate it from the early warning system. The detailed scheme of the sensor layout is reproduced in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. Layout of the physically-attached sensors (potentially subject to further modifications before permanent installation).

3.2. Photomonitoring and InSAR monitoring The proximal and remote sensing solutions envisioned by the consortium involve, in the same order: (i) an array of fixed MOBOTIX S74/M73 dual-lens cameras (Fig. 6.a) to track mm-level displacements, crack evolution, and scour/debris at piers via 5-min imagery with event-triggered video, and (ii) Advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) analysis on COSMO-SkyMed stacks, to deliver time series of mm/yr velocities. These latter data were firstly obtained in the satellite line of sight, then further decomposed into vertical and E–W components, to reveal long-term trends in global and local bridge deformations. An example of processing is portrayed n Fig. 6.b, referring to the ascending orbit (231 Single Look Complex images). Similar analyses were carried out for the descending orbit as well (229 SLCs; in both cases, covering the area of interest between January 18, 2011 and August 23, 2024). Both the proximal and the remote sensing component, which are better detailed in (Civera et al., 2025) and (Costantini et al., 2025), are designed to run standalone or, as it will be shown in future works, to be fused with other sensors for multi-domain analysis.

(a) (b) Fig. 6. (a) Layout of the photomonitoring system (potentially subject to further modifications before permanent installation). (b) Some preliminary results of the satellite-based interferometric monitoring of the Amedeo VIII Bridge (velocity map of measurement points) as obtained from A-DInSAR analysis in ascending geometry; compare with (Costantini et al., 2025).