PSI - Issue 84

Enrico Pasquale Zitiello et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 360–367

365

parameters such as deformations, displacements, inclinations, vibrations, and thermo-hygrometric variations. Sensor data is collected by an acquisition and transmission control unit, designed to operate in both static and dynamic modes, with the ability to configure different sampling strategies and automatic alarm thresholds. In this way, the physical layer of the Digital Twin continuously feeds the digital infrastructure, enabling the information model and structural analyses to be updated.

Fig. 3. Constructive monitoring project

Data acquisition occurs in two main modes: an intermittent test mode, used in the initial system calibration and verification phase, and a continuous long-term monitoring mode, with periodic acquisitions scheduled throughout the day. This configuration allows for the identification of any structural variations related to cyclical loads, environmental conditions, or progressive degradation phenomena, in line with the continuous monitoring principle envisioned by the methodology. The collected data is archived and transmitted to remote monitoring platforms, where it can be analyzed through dedicated dashboards. Integration with the digital model allows parameters to be displayed directly on the structural elements, facilitating information interpretation and decision-making. In this way, the Digital Twin becomes an operational tool for structural diagnosis and intervention planning. The first case study concerns the bridge located in the Municipality of Chiomonte along the SP233, near the Dora Riparia River. The structure consists of a single span of approximately 16.5 meters, supported by stone and concrete abutments lined with squared ashlars and cement mortar. The abutments are approximately 5.6 meters high. Preliminary visual inspections revealed a crack pattern on the front wall of the right abutment, necessitating instrumental monitoring. Consistent with the methodology described, the installed system includes biaxial inclinometers to measure the rotations of the structural elements and linear position sensors to monitor the evolution of the cracks. The devices are connected to a data acquisition unit equipped with remote connectivity, which allows for data transmission and visualization via a web interface. Continuous monitoring allows for the assessment of any changes in inclination or displacement over time, providing a picture of the evolution of the affected abutment. The acquired data feeds the digital model, allowing the Digital Twin to be updated and the evolution of the phenomenon compared to initial conditions to be verified. Initial acquisitions did not reveal any significant critical issues, but the availability of historical data allows us to identify any trends and plan targeted interventions if safety thresholds are exceeded. The second case study concerns a viaduct for which a structural monitoring system was designed, distributed along the piers and deck. In this case, the sensors were sized to monitor both the static behavior and the dynamic response of the structure, with particular attention to the areas subject to greater stress, according to the principle of model and data integration envisioned by the