PSI - Issue 84

Federico Foria et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 296–303

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4.2. Tunnel case study The case study is relevant to a railway tunnel located in central Italy. From a geological point view the area is characterized by an alternance of lavas and pyroclastic rocks covered by loose talus, which can be responsible for rockfalls as well as shallow landslides triggered by heavy rainfall events. Both of these phenomena can potentially affect the tunnel. No major landslides are present in the study area and the thickness of the overburden hampers any interference with shallow landslides that could be initiated by extreme precipitation. The most critical zones are represented in this case by the portals.

Fig. 3. (a) Priority map provided by MIRETS over the tunnel case study. (b) tunnel case study point cloud as retrieved from the Mobile Mapping Survey.

By applying the Italian Guidelines, the Landslide Attention Class was separately estimated for the tunnel and the portals by combining landslide susceptibility, vulnerability and exposure according to the workflow of Fig. 1. Landslide susceptibility is low for the tunnel and medium-high at the portals. Vulnerability is medium-low for both tunnels and portals. Exposure was assumed to range from medium-low to medium-high, as previously mentioned. Given the above input, the resulting Landslide Attention Class is medium-low to medium-high for the portals and low to medium-low for rest of the tunnel. The diagnostic of the tunnel structures performed with MIRET-Tunnel AI confirmed that there is no evidence of defects structural pattern within the tunnel that could be connected to higher geomorphological risks (Foria et al. 2024).