PSI - Issue 72

Muhammad Zainnal Mutaqin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 445–452

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3.1 Impact damage Impact damage (Bulatović et al., 2023; Kostić et al., 2024) to the honeycomb sandwich structure represents the material's ability to absorb energy. To increase the impact strength of the panel sandwich, most researchers investigate the variation in layer and core composition of the panel sandwich. In the impact test, we can experimentally use the Charpy impact test method (Kazemian et al., 2024), drop hammer impact (Lv et al., 2023), and high-pressure projectile ballistic impact (Li et al., 2023). Table 1 summarizes previous research on honeycomb sandwiches in impact load testing.

Table 1. Summary of the impact study on sandwich panel composition variations.

Core material

Face sheet material

Focused parameters

Year

Low - velocity impact behavior of honeycomb sandwich structures with elastomeric interlayers in CFRP skins (Li et al., 2024) . Response of aluminium honeycomb sandwich panels under combined shock and impact loading (Li et al., 2023) . The effect of short Kevlar fibers interfacial toughening on impact of carbon fiber/aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels (Wang et al., 2024a) . Low - velocity impact responses of sandwich structure with carbon fiber and honeycomb cores (Wang et al., 2024b) .

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) Aluminum alloy 6061 -T6

Aluminum alloy (Al -5052) Aluminum alloy 3003 - H18

2024

2023

Aluminum

Kevlar49 fibers

2024

Carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg (T300) Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) Aluminum alloy (AL -2024)

Aluminum

2024

Dynamic response of sandwich plates with GLARE face - sheets and honeycomb core under projectile impact (Zhang et al., 2022a) .

Aluminum

2022

Aluminum alloy (AL -5052)

Influence of face sheet thickness on low - velocity impact of Metal honeycomb core sandwich plates (Qin et al., 2023) .

2023

The results of previous research using the drop ballistic impact method revealed damage to the layer structure in the form of deformation, cracking, local denting, and perforation (Qin et al., 2023). The damage was influenced by the core structure and face sheet, which were composed of AL-5052 and AL-2024 materials, both of which have good energy absorption properties. In the impact test, failures of metal foam projectiles, such as debonding between the front face-sheet and the core, buckling, shear, and fracture of the honeycomb core, can be observed in the local denting area (Zhang et al., 2022a).

(a) (b) Fig 4. Impact damage experimental testing: (a) results from Qin et al. (2023); and (b) results from Zhang et al. (2022a) .