PSI - Issue 72

Muhammad Zainnal Mutaqin et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 445–452

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demand for leisure boats increase. Leisure boats are designed for safety and comfort so that tourists can enjoy the water recreation experience (Lutfi et al., 2024). Leisure boats also have facilities that increase tourist comfort, such as a stable hull design and an advanced navigation system. However, although it is designed to focus on safety, leisure boats are not entirely safe from risk. Several types of hull damage are shown in Figure 1. The operation of leisure boats has potential hazards, such as collisions, grounding, grounding, and extreme weather. This risk can potentially endanger the safety of tourists. Therefore, one way to minimize this risk is to use materials such as honeycomb sandwich panels in ship construction.

Fig 1. Types of hull damage (Lin and Dong, 2023) .

The sandwich structure is composed of two thin-rigid panels and one layer of softcore (Chen et al., 2024). The honeycomb sandwich panel could potentially be used as a material for leisure boat hulls. This material is lightweight and has high strength and good energy absorption ability. In addition, honeycomb panel structures offer advantages in terms of structural rigidity without adding significant loads, making them an option for safer and lighter ship materials. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the impact damage and bending load on honeycomb sandwich panels as a material for leisure boat hulls. Starting with a review of honeycomb materials and their application. Then, a review of the variations of research on impact load and bending load testing. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding future research prospects and the application of advanced honeycomb sandwich panel materials to leisure boat hulls. 2. Material review and application The structure of a honeycomb sandwich is composed of a hollow core arrangement made by attaching thin sheets. The core is arranged in a regular pattern and perpendicular to the skin layer (Singh et al., 2024). The structure of the honeycomb has been confirmed to be a good choice for absorbing energy (Sun et al., 2024). Figure 2 shows the layer structure of a honeycomb panel sandwich and its application in navy. A variety of lightweight core materials have been developed, such as metal foam, honeycomb, corrugation, Y-frame core (Zhang et al., 2022b). The sandwich honeycomb structure offers mechanical advantages, including high rigidity, strength, and lightweight properties. The advantages of these materials are in high demand in various sectors, including aerospace, marine, wind turbine blade structures, and automotive. The application of lightweight structures in marine engineering has historically evolved to improve weight reduction while maintaining structural integrity and addressing safety concerns (Scattareggia et al., 2024). The application of honeycomb sandwich to ship structures has the potential to reduce hull weight, resistance, fuel consumption, and emissions (Garbatov et al., 2024). By utilizing the sandwich structure, the