PSI - Issue 72

Muhammad Daffa Alifianto et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 392 – 400

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1. Introduction The significant dangers posed by maritime accidents fill ocean areas with far-reaching impacts, not only because they cause physical injuries to vessels but also pose impending dangers to the safety and well-being of people exploring the open seas (Du et al., 2020; Salihoglu and Beşikçi, 2021; Rajapakse et al., 2022; Carvalho et al., 2023; Nugroho et al., 2023; Fuadi et al., 2024). These errors, culminating in contributing factors, span complexities ranging from system incompetence and potential crashes to errors originating from human judgment and activity. The diverse nature of these contributing components underscores the enormous challenges facing the marine industry. The industry is firmly committed to the ongoing interest in maintaining safety guidelines, guaranteeing the versatility of vessels to mitigate the distinct and complex hazards inherent in maritime operations in the vast and active marine environment (Prabowo et al., 2016a,b; Chapsos and Malcolm, 2017; Mazaris and Germond, 2018; Karim, 2020; Ansori et al., 2022; Alwan et al., 2022; Gomola and Utne, 2024; Yarwood et al., 2024). Figure 1 shows the high number of ship accidents due to hull damage and collisions between 2011 and 2020, and Figure 2 indicates high casualties due to maritime accidents. This study uses a numerical approach to illuminate the performance of ship structures, especially sandwich pipe, focusing on stretching, thrust, and von-Mises lift to improve ship safety and transmission.

Figure 1. Total maritime accidents from 2011 to 2020 (EMSA, 2023).

Figure 2. Total victims due to maritime accidents in the range of 2015-2019.