PSI - Issue 72

Dharmik Chauhan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 529–537

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3.4. X-Ray Diffraction

The test specimens were prepared according with the American Society for Testing and Material E32944-22 Standards (Dafaalla et al., 2025; Mmopa & Dithinde, 2024). The X-ray diffraction of aluminum alloy 6061 and Functionally Graded Aluminum Composites shows in Figure 3. In the pattern of X-ray diffraction results plays a crucial role in characterizing Al 6061 in FGAC for crystallographic data, quantification, and phase identification.

Figure 4 X-ray diffraction of aluminum alloy 6061 and functionally graded aluminum composite (FGAC). In pattern of x-ray diffraction notable peaks are observed between 10° and 90° in the 2 θ range. The presence of aluminum alloy 6061 confirmed by the x-ray diffraction spectroscopy spectrum with the various sharp peaks at 2 ߠ = 37.65°, 38.66°, 43.93°, 44.84° boron carbide peaks at 2 ߠ = 28.46°, 31.86° and peaks at molybdenum disulfide 2 ߠ = 65.34°, 78.45° is shown in, Figure 6. 4. Conclusion This research mainly focused on characterization and wear stability of functionally graded aluminum composite with use the pin-on-disc tribometer. The following outcome of the investigation could be drawn as conclusion. 1. The study demonstrates that stable wear interfaces cause the lowest specific wear rate (SWR) to occur under high loads, moderate speeds, and longer sliding distances. Short lengths and moderate loads exhibit higher SWR values, where little wear losses seem to have a big impact. SWR and sliding distance are inversely correlated, with larger distances stabilizing wear. Wear is nonlinearly affected by load and speed; intermediate levels increase resistance, while extremes cause more material loss via oxidation and heat. 2. The composites hardness increased significantly form 100.038 HV 0.5, for the base aluminium 6061 alloy to 127.026 HV 0.5 FGAM. The increase in Hardness illustrates the ceramic particles reinforcing action and contribute to mechanical strength. 3. The worn surface's morphology displayed traits common to adhesive and abrasive wear processes, such as grooves, delamination, and particle pull-out. Reinforcement effectively reduced the degree of wear by avoiding surface damage under stress.