PSI - Issue 70

Muhibur Rahman S. et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 627–634

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Water Absorption (WA), BACA exhibited significantly higher values than CCA, ranging from 8.41% to 8.77%. This higher water absorption highlights the porous nature of BACA, which may necessitate adjustments in concrete mix designs to account for water content. Bulk Density (BD) of CCA was 1551 kg/m³, whereas BACA showed values from 1027 kg/m³ to 1039 kg/m³, indicating a 34.7% to 33.2% reduction in bulk density compared to CCA. This reduction further supports the lightweight nature of BACA, making them ideal for applications where reduced weight is beneficial. The study highlights the potential of BACA as a viable alternative to CCA. Since the properties of 8MA 0.4 BACA conform to the requirements of IS: 383 – 2016, it is considered the optimal mix among all the variations, particularly when accounting for economic factors.

Fig.1. Comparison of IV, CV, and AV for CCA and BACA

Table 3. Chemical proportions and physical properties of BA Elements

% of Composition

SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 CaO

51.3 32.50 0.56 5.19 1.53 2.17

SO 3 LOI

Specific gravity

Fineness

3460 cm 2 /gm

Table 4. Properties of cement, FA, CCA and BACA Materials

Cement

FA

CCA 2.76 7.93 1551 7.1 0.78

BACA

SG

3.14 235

2.66 2.73 1826 2.44

2.12

Fineness (m 2 /kg)

-

BD (kg/m 3 )

- - -

1030 6.4 8.50

FM

WA (%)

1

3. Mix Proportions and Test Methods In this study, two distinct concrete mix proportions were developed: one using CCA and the other BACA. The concrete mixes, including both CCA and BACA, were prepared in two grades, M 20 and M 25 , with w/b proportions of 0.5 and 0.44. "M 20 " refers to concrete made with CCA and a w/b proportion of 0.4, while "M 20 (BACA)" represents the concrete mix using BACA with a w/b proportion of 0.4. Similarly, "M 25 " signifies concrete with CCA and a w/b proportion of 0.55, and "M 25 (BACA)" corresponds to the BACA mix with the same w/b proportion of 0.55. The chemical proportions and properties of BA were presented in Table 3. Throughout the research, cement with OPC 53 grade, manufactured sand (M-sand) was utilized in both the CCA and BACA mixes. The properties of cement, M-