PSI - Issue 70

Muhibur Rahman S. et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 627–634

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Table 1. Mix proportions of production of artificial BCA Mix Id Molarity (M) L/B

NaOH (gm)

Na₂SiO₃ (kg)

BA (kg)

NaOH/ Na₂SiO₃

CCA : 20 mm aggregate

8BA 0.3 8BA 0.35 8BA 0.4 10BA 0.3 10BA 0.35 10BA 0.4 12BA 0.3 12BA 0.35 12BA 0.4 14BA 0.3 14BA 0.35 14BA 0.4 16BA 0.3 16BA 0.35 16BA 0.4

8 8 8

0.3

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

320 320 320 400 400 400 480 480 480 560 560 560 640 640 640

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

10 8.6 7.5 10 8.6 7.5 10 8.6 7.5 10 8.6 7.5 10 8.6 7.5

0.35

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

10 10 10 12 12 12 14 14 14 16 16 16

0.35

0.35

0.35 0.4 0.35 0.4 0.3

Table 2. Properties of CCA and BACA MIX ID Impact Value (IV)

Crushing Value (CV)

Abrasion Value (AV)

Specific Gravity (SG)

Fineness Modulus (FM)

Water Absorption (WA)

Bulk Density (BD) (kg/m 3 )

CCA 8BA 0.3 8BA 0.35 8BA 0.4 10BA 0.3 10BA 0.35 10BA 0.4 12BA 0.3 12BA 0.35 12BA 0.4 14BA 0.3 14BA 0.35 14BA 0.4 16BA 0.3 16BA 0.35 16BA 0.4

19.23 14.27 14.01 15.88 17.34 16.03 18.21 12.77 11.35 13.45 19.02 18.34 20.54 15.39 14.21 16.22

16.7 37.26 36.53 38.32 28.43 27.33 29.79 29.22 28.26 30.24 32.22 31.07 33.51 27.14 27.06 28.32

23.11 11.83 10.06 12.9 11.4 10.5 12.2 13.21 15.23 12.51 11.73 13.32 11.01 10.52 12.45 14

2.76 2.12 2.11 2.12 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.13 2.14 2.14 2.12 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.14

7.1 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.1 6.3 6.2

0.78 8.77 8.62 8.5 8.64 8.53 8.41 8.65 8.54 8.43 8.69 8.56 8.42 8.66 8.61 8.57

1551 1035 1032 1030 1031 1029 1027 1037 1035 1033 1039 1036 1034 1035 1033 1031

The Impact Value (IV) for CCA was 19.23, while BACA samples showed values ranging from 11.35 to 20.54, Among BACA mixes, 12BA 0.35 demonstrated the lowest impact resistance (11.35), showing a 41.23% decrease compared to CCA. Conversely, 14BA 0.4 recorded the highest impact value (20.54), which is only a 6.9% lower than CCA, indicating improved impact resistance in comparison to other BACA mixes. The Crushing Value (CV) for CCA was 16.70. For BACA, crushing values varied from 27.06 to 38.32, with 8BA 0.4 exhibiting the highest crushing value of 38.32, marking a 129.9% increase over CCA. The 10BA 0.3 and 12BA 0.3 mixes showed comparatively lower crushing values of 28.43 and 29.22, demonstrating a 70.3% to 75.5% increase over CCA, respectively. In terms of Abrasion Value (AV), CCA had a value of 23.11, while BACA values ranged from 10.06 to 15.23. The lowest abrasion value was observed in 8BA 0.35 (10.06), showing a 56.5% reduction compared to CCA, while 12BA 0.4 showed the highest value (15.23), still representing a 34.1% decrease from CCA. The Specific Gravity (SG) of CCA was 2.76, whereas BACA exhibited lower values ranging from 2.11 to 2.15, which represents a 22.1% to 23.6% decrease compared to CCA, reflecting the lightweight and porous nature of BACA. For example, 8BA 0.3 and 8BA 0.4 had specific gravities of 2.12, while 10BA 0.3 and 10BA 0.4 recorded values of 2.14 to 2.15, showing minimal variation. The Fineness Modulus (FM) of BACA ranged from 6.1% to 6.9%, which is approximately 2.8% to 13.7% lower than CCA (7.1%), indicating that BACA aggregates are generally finer. This may impact the overall workability of concrete mixes made with BACA.