PSI - Issue 70

Ragupathi V. et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 548–555

550

Different types of fibres were employed in engineering applications, with polypropylene and steel fibres being the most prevalent and widely used (Madhkhan et al.,2012; Hussain et al.,2020). The steel fibre is commonly used in concrete which shows better strength characteristics and toughening effect because the fibre which possess high stiffness and young’s modulus values (Rajarama et al.,2018; Blunt et al.,2015)). The steel fibre have the capacity to resists the crack formation and flexural by bridging the elements. It possesses the property which has make the concrete more ductile. Plenty of investigations are going on for the type, dosage or volume, length, shape texture and interfacial bonding of fibres used in the concrete. Yong Qiang ma (2013) examined the effect of steel fibre with different dosage in the high-performance concrete. The increasing percentage of steel fibre shows improved strength but beyond the 2% exhibited decrease of value for all the strength. However, upto 1.5% of fibres added concrete shows good results for mechanical hardened properties in HPC. The FRC with steel fibre of 50 aspect ratio with 1.5% replacement achieved good hardened strength characteristics in M-40 grade of concrete was suggested by Kushwaha Ankit.et.al (2022) in M-50 grade of concrete the steel fibre of 1% added mix exhibits better strength and shows reducing crack pattern on the specimen. Through the analysis of microstructure of FRC with steel fibre perform good interface adhesion in the sample material. The optimum percentage of fibre added in FRC were examined by Zhong-Xian Li et al with steel and basalt fibre. The steel fibre enhanced the strength in shear, tensile and flexure and with basalt fibre it improves the synergetic effect (Li et al.,2017). The most evident synergetic effect is seen when straight steel and polypropylene fibres are combined. The better performance of hybrid fiber in concrete has resulted in its increasing acknowledgment as a promising material (Teng et al.,2018). The increase of volume of fibre and aspect ratio of steel leads to increase the ductility in post-peak stage and strength characteristics is reduced. The straight form steel fibre shows good flexural strength with limited micro cracks (Li et al.,2019) Another research shows the hybrid fibre with hook-ended steel and PVA fibres exhibits delaying the onset and rate of corrosion due to huge propensity for fracture strength. Double hooked end steel fibre of FRC exhibits good resistance to penetration of chloride content. The fibre content of 1 to 1.5 percentage with 10 to 15% replacement of BA exhibits better strength and durability characteristics (Solanke et al.,2021; Panditharadhya et al.,2024; Venkatesan & Vasudevan,2022). This study emphases on the potential of BA, FS and steel fibres as sustainable concrete components. The study aims to augment mechanical and durability characteristics, increase crack resistance, and promote environmentally friendly fibre-reinforced concrete. 2. Materials The current study employed grade (53) ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in compliance with IS 12269-2013. Bagasse ash (BA), a byproduct of the sugarcane industry, was employed as a part substitute for cement and sourced from Amaravathi Sugar Mills in Narasinga Puram, India. Foundry sand from M/s. Nandhini Castings, Coimbatore, was utilized as a partial replacement for river sand. Locally sourced river sand and crushed stone aggregate (20 mm) conforming to IS 383:2016 were utilized. Steel fibres are commonly used in concrete reinforcement to enhance its tensile strength, hardness, and crack resistance. This study utilized hooked-end steel fibres with an aspect ratio of 60, purchased from Astra Chemicals in Chennai, India.A superplasticizer (CONPLAST SP430) was used to improve the workability of the concrete mix, thereby ensuring consistent fibre dispersion. The process of mixing and curing used water in accordance with IS 456:2000. The sample of materials are depicted in Fig.1.

(b)

(c)

(a)

Fig.1. Materials; (a) Bagasse ash; (b) Foundry sand; (c) Hooked-end steel fibres