PSI - Issue 70

Anubhav Kumar Singh et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 572–579

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Fig. 5. Equivalent stiffness graph for varying level of damage

Fig. 6. Equivalent mass graph for varying level of damage As shown in figures 4 and 5, moderate damage was identified by a significant decrease in equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass from the healthy state to the d8 damage level. A change of less than 7% in equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass (from the healthy to the d8 damage stage) was obtained, which is considered moderate damage. After moderate damage, the change in equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass was very negligible from the d9 to the d18 damage stage, which verified that severe damage had occurred.

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00%

RMSD%

RMSD%

RMSD(%)

d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d17 d18 MODEARATE DAMAGE SEVERE DAMAGE

Controlled Damage

Fig. 7. RMSD values for all damage levels From figure 6, we can observe the variation in conductance assessed using the RMSD method. Lower RMSD values were observed for moderate damage conditions, which subsequently increased with the rise in the severity of damage for severe damage conditions. The RMSD values corresponding to damage levels d1 to d8 remained below 10%, classifying them as moderate damage while RMSD values above 10% are indicative of severe damage (above d8 damage level).