PSI - Issue 70

R. Krishnasamy et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 343–349

348

Table 1. Failure loads and failure modes of GFRP angle connection tension test result

Failure Load (KN)

Specimen

e/d ratio

Failure Mode

3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4

18.18 20.54 31.23 33.83 18.32 24.51 25.32 25.71 32.07 28.84 29.66 23.03 21.98 26.4

Shear-out Failure Shear-out Failure Shear-out Failure Bearing Failure Shear-out Failure Shear-out Failure

A-Type (Steel bolt connection)

B-Type (GFRP bolt connection)

Shear-out Failure

Bearing Failure

Shear-out Failure Cleavage Failure Shear-out Failure

C-Type (Steel bolt + Resin connection)

Cleavage Failure

Shear-out Failure

Shear-out Failure Shear-out Failure & Bearing Failure

D-Type (GFRP bolt + Resin connection)

5

10.90

6

22.51

Bearing Failure

4.1. Comparison of Steel vs Steel + Resin connection The failure load of steel bolt connection is 18.18, 20.54, 31.23 and 33.83 kN for e/d ratio 3, 4, 5 & 6 respectively. After resin is applied to the steel bolt, the failure load is increased by 41.4% for e/d ratio 3, increased by 56.1% for e/d ratio 4. For e/d ratio 5, the failure load is decreased by 7.6%. For e/d ratio 6, the failure load is decreased by 12.3%. 4.2. Comparison of GFRP vs GFRP + Resin connection The failure load of GFRP bolt connection is 18.32, 26.4, 24.51 and 25.32 kN for e/d ratio 3, 4, 5 & 6 respectively. After resin is applied to the GFRP bolt, the failure load is increased by 25.7% for e/d ratio 3, For e/d ratio 4, the failure load is decreased by 16.7%. For e/d ratio 5, the failure load is decreased by 55.5%. For e/d ratio 6, decreased by 11.1%. 5. Conclusion The tensile performance of single-bolted GFRP angle member with different joints such as A-type (Steel bolt), B type (GFRP bolt), C-type (Steel bolt + Resin) and D-type (GFRP bolt + Resin) connection for e/d ratio 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been evaluated. The failure mode of the single-bolted GFRP angle member with different joints have been identified. Based on the test results, e/d ratio 6 is performing good among the all the cases and failure mode also is bearing failure only. Bearing failure is often preferred for its pseudo-ductile behavior, offering gradual deformation and visual warning before collapse, unlike the sudden failure modes of shear-out or net-tension. The yielding in bearing can also redistribute load and enhance joint toughness. The performance of steel bolt and steel bolt with resin, GFRP bolt vs GFRP bolt with resin have been compared. The edge-to-hole diameter ratio is a crucial parameter