PSI - Issue 70

Saravanakumar R. et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 319–326

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2. Literature Review

2.1 Performance of self-curing UHPC

The toughness and cracking characteristics of concrete with recycled aggregate were studied. The focus was on the performance of various types of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes. The researchers discovered that a high water absorption rate can act as an internal curing agent, helping to reduce the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of the mix. This, in turn, minimizes crack development and improves the overall stability of the concrete. Additionally, the incorporation of saturated fine earthen brick aggregate was found to decrease freeze-thaw resistance. Ordinary Portland cement and fly ash were used as binder materials. Crushed limestone served as the coarse aggregate, and natural fine aggregate was used as the fine component. The researchers analyzed the pore size and porosity characteristics of the concrete using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The study revealed that pore size and porosity could increase to more than one hundred nanometers. A polycarboxylate superplasticizer was used, with a water-to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.28 and an additive dosage of 0.8% by binder weight in each mix. The natural fine aggregate was partially replaced with saturated aggregates at varying percentages of 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. The overall surface area of the SCC increased with the addition of these aggregates (Zhi Ge et al., 2021).]. Incorporation of pumice aggregate in ultra-high performance concrete was studied. This study uses relaxation theory to investigate the desorption of pumice and absorption of water in Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UPHC) before creating a dynamic migration model to show and forecast the water migration process in pumice. By using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, backscattering electrons, and nano indentation were used by researchers to examine the water movement in UHPC and its characteristics in micro and/or macro level. Porous pumice is the light weight aggregate utilized in interior curing materials. The Modified Andresen Design Model (MAA) is employed with a mixing ratio of the UHPC matrix. The amount of 10%, 20%, and 30%, pumice is utilized to replace river sand having 0 to 0.6 mm particle size. When 30% pre-wetting pumice is added, the compressive strength of UHPC after one day and after seven days is decreased by approximately 37% and 17%, respectively. [Enlai Dong et al., 2022] The abrasion resistance, mechanical characteristics, drying shrinkage, and conveyance qualities of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing cementitious resources and pozzolan were examined. Instead of Portland cement, Natural Pozzolan (NP), was used at mass values of 0, 15, 22.5, 30, and 37.5%. The findings showed that adding NP to SCC mixtures instead of 15 and 22.5% Portland cement, it has been noticed that greater cohesiveness in mixes identified from the J-ring outcomes for NP at 15%, 22.5%, and 30% incorporation. [Mohammadreza Sharbaf et al., 2022]. The researchers studied the essential for SCC because no codal provisions for forecasting the precise combination sizes of aggregates. By trial and error, the works review the assistance required to find number of optimization approaches that might improve SCC's performance. It was determined that the density ranges between 1651 and 2017 kg/m 3 given compressive strengths between 23.12 and 74 MPa, demonstrating the relationship between strength and density. SCC with kaolin has remarkable durability than OPC. Higher rate of carbonation observed in mix because the matrix is more permeable owing to the non-appearance of CaOH in the ash mixes. Concrete that cures on its own gains up to 20% in strength and effectiveness. According to the present research, unique concretes have much greater structural efficiency than traditional standard density concretes [Athiyamaan.V, 2021] The performance of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was assessed based on the internal curing process. A thorough analysis concluded that physicochemical characteristics significantly influence the systematic enhancement of UHPC’s properties. The eff ects of lightweight aggregates on the macro- and microstructural characteristics, long-term performance, chemical reactions, and mechanical properties were evaluated to identify the fundamental processes involved in preparing effective mixes. The influence of the physicochemical characteristics of light weight aggregates on the development of UHPC's properties was investigated. Improved micro-mechanical characteristics were made possible by the C-S-H gel appearance with a greater degree of polymerization. Additionally, 13 mm long and 0.22 mm wide steel fibre was used [Peiliang Shen et.al., 2021] The plastic shrinkage phenomena in concrete slabs can cause early age cracking and decrease a structure's long-term stability. Plastic shrinkage is mostly caused by capillary pressure; however, by tracking it during early life development and identifying unique stages and predominate causes, gives new information on how to reduce plastic