PSI - Issue 70

Sidhartha Parida et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 335–342

339

Table 8: Specific gravity of fine aggregates and developed fine aggregate Material W1 W2 W3 W4

Gs

Copper slag Bottomash

1.15

425 425

1146 1097

749 716

6.80 7.65

1.1

7.2. Sieve analysis Fineaggregatesieveanalysis followsIS2386(PartI) – 1963. The sample is dried, weighed, and sieved from 4.75 mm to 75 µm for 10 minutes. Retained material is weighed, cumulative weight and percentage passing are calculated, and the fineness modulus (FM) is determined to assess particle size distribution.Fig.1 Shows the distribution curve for fine aggregate. (a) (b)

100.0

100

80.0

80

60

60.0

COPPER SLAG BOTTOMASH

40

40.0

COMBINED

PERCENTAGE PASSING

PERCENTAGE PASSING

20

20.0

0

0.0

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0.001

0.1 SIEVESIZE

0.001

0.01

1

10

100

SIEVESIZE

Fig 1: (a) Sieve analysis of copper slag, bottom ash and developed fine aggregate; (b)Sieve analysis of developed fine aggregate

7.3. Slump flow test The slump flow testfor self compacting concrete (SCC), uses a 900×900 mm steel base plate with marked circles, an Abrams cone, a weight ring, and a stopwatch. SCC is poured into a wetted cone, lifted to allow free flow, and the time (T50) to reach Ø500 mm is recorded. The slump flow (S) is the average of the maximum and perpendicular diameters. 7.4. J-ring test The J-ring test, assesses the flowability and passing ability of self compacting concrete (SCC). Concrete is placed in a cone surrounded by a J-ring and allowed to flow freely. The T50J time, flow spread, height differences, and flow diameters are recorded. The test ensures SCC’s ability to pass through obstacles without external compaction, and equipment is cleaned afterward.