PSI - Issue 58

Yazmin Sahol Hamid et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 58 (2024) 130–136 Yazmin Sahol Hamid et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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and a vertical displacement of 178.539 mm, whereas S355 steel has a higher value. S355 has a maximum axial load of 19.9188 kN and an axial displacement of 140.349 mm, which is 22.44% greater than S275. Despite this difference, both models have similar maximum axial load values, entering the plastic region at this point and causing significant displacement.

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Force versus Displacement

Comparison between different steel grade

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Fig. 6. (a) Load vs displacement graph comparison of non-staggered bolt and staggered of intra module connection; (b) Force versus displacement curves of S275 and S355 graded connections

5. Conclusions In summary, this research employed SAP2000 and ABAQUS software to examine the structural response of different connection models and steel grades, resulting in several significant observations. Within the context of BS EN 1993:1-1 (2005), the utilization of FEM simulations in SAP2000 with steel grades S275 and S355 has been observed to reproduce both elastic and nonlinear structural responses consistently. The failure mechanisms observed in the connection models exhibited variability, as the WFBW and BW connections experienced failure primarily due to maximum displacement in the Y-direction. The investigation encompassed the examination of staggered and non staggered bolt patterns, revealing that the configuration of bolts substantially influences the performance of intra module connections. The performance of non-staggered bolts surpassed that of staggered bolts with displacement tolerance and load-bearing capacity. The research objectives were effectively achieved, aimed at comprehending the behavior of these connections and their reactions to various steel grades. The present study has significant implications for structural engineering, as it offers valuable insights into the design and evaluation of connections, which are pivotal elements in building and construction endeavors. Although this study provides valuable insights, it is crucial to acknowledge its limitations, encompassing the utilization of particular material properties, boundary conditions, and simplifications in the modeling process. Subsequent investigations may explore a more extensive array of materials and configurations to enhance comprehension of connection behavior. This study underscores the significance of connection models and steel grades to the structural performance of modular steel structures. The results of this study possess the capacity to guide forthcoming structural engineering endeavors, thereby enhancing both the safety and efficiency of construction practices. Acknowledgments The authors wish to convey their profound gratitude to the College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, for their generous support and funding of this research project. References

Dhanapal, J., Ghaednia, H., Das, S., Velocci, J., 2020. Behavior of thin-walled beam-column modular connection subject to bending load. Thin walled Structures 149, 106536.