PSI - Issue 55

Giovanna Bartels et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 55 (2024) 88–95 Bartels et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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2019. and Flores. 2022.), collaborative research with the development team, and on-site observations during technical visits in Carregado, Portugal, where the roofing solution was applied.

Table 3. Definition of the service life of each layer. Layer

Service Life expected

Service life in literature review

Reinforcement

20 years 25 years 5 years 35 years 20 years 35 years

Waterproofing Membrane

Basecoat reinforced with Glass Fiber

25 years

Thermal Insulation Bonding Material Bearing Structure

35 years

The analysis of the flat roof system's lifespan encompasses a range of anomalies or pathologies, including localized or generalized cracking, blistering, perforations, detachment, corrosion, debris accumulation, ponding water, biological growth, decay, infiltration, and condensation. Additionally, deficiencies in coping, fasteners, or downpipes are considered. These defects help for defining the third key factor i.e., the proactive maintenance actions and their required frequencies. The actions are divided by inspection and cleaning, minor interventions and major interventions. Following inspections on the applied roofing solution, the need for targeted repair actions has become evident. These actions encompass repairing cracks, conducting thorough cleanings, applying treatments to prevent and eliminate biological colonization, addressing blistering issues, and rectifying problems in the roofs' expansion joints, among others. Additionally, the plan outlines significant interventions, which occur towards the end of the estimated lifecycle of the coating system, involving the replacement of more extensive areas. Inspections and cleanings are scheduled every 1 to 2 years to ensure regular maintenance. Minor interventions, ranging from 2 to 10 years, address specific issues, maintaining the roofing system's integrity. Major interventions, involving replacements and extensive repairs, are planned at intervals of 25 to 50 years, aligning with the system's estimated lifespan. 4. Conclusion The primary goal of the research, conducting a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for all Smart Roofs System (SRS) combinations, has been achieved. This analysis encompassed 5 key environmental variables, both local and global in scope. Notably, the waterproofing layer exhibited varied impacts across categories, with Polyurethane Membrane with soluble basis (PU) showing a smaller global impact, and Polyurethane Membrane with water-based solution in Dispersion (PUD) demonstrating reduced impacts in local ecosystem as in Acidification (AP), Eutrophication (EP) and Photochemical Oxidation Potential (POCP). Although the focus centred on Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Primary Energy – Non-Renewable Energy (PE-NRe) as main influence factors, it is challenging to definitively label one membrane superior to the other. Looking ahead, a strategy to minimize global variables involves reducing resin and titanium dioxide percentages, as these layers significantly influence the final outcome. In this analysis, economic impacts needed to be associated with the sustainability assessment, necessitating the application of multiple scenarios. This approach enabled a multi-criteria evaluation of each solution, merging global environmental variables with cost data. Through the definition of the four distinct scenarios (from 1 to 4), certain combinations consistently emerged as optimal choices, while others felling below. Notably, combinations involving Mineral Wool with Primary (MW) and Insulation Cork Board (ICB) consistently stood out positively across all scenarios. Conversely, Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) combinations tended to be less favoured. This insight underscores the need for market research to assess the viability and demand for combinations containing XPS, ensuring a well informed decision-making process in sustainable roofing solutions. Also achieving the objective of the research, a tailored Proactive Maintenance Plan was created. Besides the service life, the plan considers the potential pathology and outlines specific actions and their frequencies. Despite the plan is