PSI - Issue 55

Giovanna Bartels et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 55 (2024) 88–95 Giovanna Bartels et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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POCP refers to the ability to create tropospheric ozone, affecting air quality and human health. AP results from the release of gases that acidify soils and waters, damaging ecosystems. EP stems from an excess of nutrients in water bodies, leading to excessive algae growth and biodiversity impacts. Understanding these environmental impacts helps mitigate their negative effects, promoting a healthier environment for all. On assessing these 3 variables, the evaluation focused on the waterproofing membrane. Across local impact variables, the PUD demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting lower environmental impacts. From cost analysis, it can be stated that the total cost of the Smart Roofs System is primarily influenced by thermal insulation and the waterproofing membrane. However, in terms of costs, the pricing spotlight shifts towards MW for thermal insulation, followed by XPS. Meanwhile, ICB, which proved to be among the top environmentally friendly solutions, does not stand out in terms of costs. Understanding the complexity of data analysis, multi-criteria scenarios become indispensable to facilitate a holistic evaluation of the situation. In Table 2, data normalization (column 2) for costs, (column 3) GWP, and (column 4) PE NRe is shown. Subsequently, various scenarios were applied: (Scenario 01) costs: 70%, GWP: 15%, PE-NRe : 15%, (Scenario 02) costs: 50%, GWP: 25%, PE-NRe : 25%, (Scenario 03) costs: 34%, GWP: 33%, PE-NRe : 33%, and (Scenario 04) costs: 34%, GWP: 50%, PE-NRe : 16%. Then the bests combination for each scenario is highlighted in bold. Table 2. Normalized data and combinations for costs, GWP and PE-NRe . Combination Cost GWP PE-NRe Scenario 01 Scenario 02 Scenario 03 Scenario 04 MW-PUD-R22R 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.47 ICB-PUD-R22R 1.00 -0.18 0.58 0.76 0.60 0.47 0.34 XPS-PUD-R22R 0.91 0.99 0.98 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.96 MW-PUD-R23R 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 ICB-PUD-R23R 1.00 -0.18 0.58 0.76 0.60 0.47 0.34 XPS-PUD-R23R 0.91 0.99 0.98 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.96 MW-PUD-FV 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 ICB-PUD-FV 0.97 -0.18 0.59 0.74 0.59 0.47 0.34 XPS-PUD-FV 0.88 1.00 0.99 0.91 0.94 0.96 0.96 MW-PUD-R22PP 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 ICB-PUD-R22PP 1.00 -0.18 0.60 0.76 0.61 0.48 0.35 XPS-PUD-R22PP 0.91 1.00 1.00 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.97 MW-PU-NT 0.19 0.43 0.47 0.26 0.32 0.36 0.35 ICB-PU-NT 0.54 -0.22 0.60 0.43 0.36 0.31 0.17 XPS-PU-NT 0.46 0.96 1.00 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.79 It is evident that the alternatives lacking prominence either utilized XPS as thermal insulation material or incorporated a textile structure with 100% polypropylene reinforcement. It is noted that, even when costs carry significant weight, solutions featuring ICB emerge as highly viable. This indicates that, despite the relatively higher costs associated with ICB, its environmental advantages render it a compelling and sustainable choice. Similarly, MW stands out prominently across various scenarios, even when the GWP values are the focus and considering that the absolute value of MW’s GWP is not the best. This underscores the synergy between cost and PE-NRe values, making these combinations worthy. The Proactive Maintenance Plan is based on three key factors: the service life, the considered pathology, and, consequently, the corresponding actions to maintain the roof and their frequencies. Each outcome was derived from the discussion, analysis and combination of the data obtained through a literature review (Monteiro. 2022., Perret.