PSI - Issue 44

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

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Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 1396–1402

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Keywords: Numerical analysis; Finite-discrete element method; Masonry disintegration; Masonry fragmentation Abstract I thi paper the influe ce f the ver ical comp nent of ground motion on the p rf r ance of an unreinforced ma onry wall is analysed using sets of one-component and two-com onent ground motions. The set of motions represents th actual seismicity of L’Aquila, whi e the investigated wall mimics a experimental sp cim n wi h two unconne ted external leaves and a rubble co re. The model falls within he mixed finite el ent method – discrete elem nt method and accounts for crack formati , complet sepa ation and new ntact formation. The modelling strat gy is capable to simula e the out-of-plane seismic r pons and the progressive loss of compactness of the wall up to collapse with the s p ration between the two external leaves. The v tical mponent increas s the fragility of the wall and confirms the relevanc of vertical ground motion for very vul rable construction . Nonetheless, to worsen the response, the vertical component needs to overcome specific, non-negligible intensity measure thresholds. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an ope acces article under CC BY-NC-ND lic nse ( https://creativec mmons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS C ference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Keywords: Numerical analysis; Finite-discrete element method; Masonry disintegration; Masonry fragmentation XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Effect of the vertical component of ground motion on a rubble masonry wall model Omar AlShawa a, *, Domenico Liberatore a , Luigi Sorrentino a a Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, via Antonio Gramsci 53, Rome 00197, Italy Abstract In this paper the influence of the vertical component of ground motion on the performance of an unreinforced masonry wall is analysed using sets of one-component and two-component ground motions. The set of motions represents the actual seismicity of L’Aquila, while the investigated wall mimics an experimental specimen with two unconnected external leaves and a rubble co re. The model falls within the mixed finite element method – discrete element method and accounts for crack formation, complete separation and new contact formation. The modelling strategy is capable to simulate the out-of-plane seismic response and the progressive loss of compactness of the wall up to collapse with the separation between the two external leaves. The vertical component increases the fragility of the wall and confirms the relevance of vertical ground motion for very vulnerable constructions. Nonetheless, to worsen the response, the vertical component needs to overcome specific, non-negligible intensity measure thresholds. XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Effect of the vertical component of ground motion on a rubble masonry wall model Omar AlShawa a, *, Domenico Liberatore a , Luigi Sorrentino a a Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, via Antonio Gramsci 53, Rome 00197, Italy

* Corresponding author. Tel.: (+39) 06 49919189. E-mail address: omar.alshawa@uniroma1.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: (+39) 06 49919189. E-mail address: omar.alshawa@uniroma1.it

2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy 2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy

2452-3216 © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy. 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.179