PSI - Issue 44
Massimiliano Ferraioli et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) 974–981 Massimiliano Ferraioli et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2022) 000–000
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Table 5. Earthquake records for Life Safety Limit State and Collapse Prevention Limit State. Life Safety Limit State
Collapse Prevention Limit State
a g (Y) [m/s 2 ]
N. ID
Earthquake Name
Date
M w Ep.Dist. [km]
a g (Y) [m/s 2 ]
N. ID Earthquake Name E1 334 Alkion E2 413 Kalamata
Date
M w Ep.Dist. [km]
a g (X) [m/s 2 ]
a g (X) [m/s 2 ]
24/02/1981 6.6 19 13/09/1986 5.9 10 15/09/1976 6.0 9 15/04/1979 6.9 21
2.838 1.671 2.108 2.909 0.439 0.362 1.069 0.932 1.774 2.199 0.199 0.274 3.680 3.557
E1 334 Alkion E2 133 Friuli
24/02/1981 6.6 19 15/09/1976 6.0 9 15/04/1979 6.9 21 21/06/2000 6.4 28 24/05/1979 6.2 8
2.838 1.671 1.069 0.932 1.774 2.199 0.513 0.386 0.199 0.274 1.172 2.624 1.526 1.725
E3 645 Umbria Marche 14/10/1997 5.6 26
E3 198 Montenegro
E4 133 Friuli
E4 6331 South Iceland 21/06/2000 6.4 22
E5 198 Montenegro
E5 6333 South Iceland E6 230 Montenegro
E6 6333 South Iceland 21/06/2000 6.4 28
E7 199 Montenegro
15/04/1979 6.9 16
E7 291 Campano Lucano 23/11/1980 6.9 16
150 250 350
150 250 350
150 250 350
150 250 350
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
-350 -250 -150 -50 50
-350 -250 -150 -50 50
-350 -250 -150 -50 50
-350 -250 -150 -50 50
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
SC-SMA 6 Floor 3
SC-SMA 6 Floor 4
SC-SMA 6 Floor 5
SC-SMA 6 Floor 6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
150 250 350 450
150 250 350 450
150 250 350 450
150 250 350 450
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E7 E6
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E7 E6
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
-450 -350 -250 -150 -50 50
-450 -350 -250 -150 -50 50
-450 -350 -250 -150 -50 50
-450 -350 -250 -150 -50 50
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
Force (kN)
SC-SMA 12 Floor 3
SC-SMA 12 Floor 4
SC-SMA 12 Floor 5
SC-SMA 12 Floor 6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
Fig. 9. Hysteresis loops of SC-SMA dampers located in X-direction (N.6) and Y-direction (N.12)
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
Column 1 Floor 5
Column 1 Floor 6
Column 1 Floor 3
Column 1 Floor 4
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
75
75
75
75
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
LS DL E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7
50
50
50
50
25
25
25
25
0
0
0
0
-25
-25
-25
-25
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstory Drift [mm]
Y-Interstorey Drift [mm]
-50
-50
-50
-50
Column 55 Floor 3
Column 55 Floor 4
Column 55 Floor 5
Column 55 Floor 6
-75
-75
-75
-75
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstory Drift [mm]
X-Interstorey Drift [mm]
Fig. 10. Inter-story drift time histories compared to LS and DL limit domains.
6. Conclusions The paper studies the applicability of self-centering shape memory alloy braces for the seismic retrofit of a real complex RC building, and the effectiveness of an optimal design procedure that was applied so far for elasto-
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