PSI - Issue 33

Elvira Wahyu Arum Fanani et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 3–10 Fanani et al / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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4.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) Forging affects the UTS of a material, increasing the reduction of forging will increase the UTS of the material (Wu et al., 2010; Hanamantraygouda et al., 2018). The forging process will increase UTS when compared to as-cast at room temperature (Shi et al., 2014). According to research conducted by Padap et al. increased strength due to grain refinement and increased dislocation density (Padap et al., 2009). MDF was successfully performed on Al7050 alloy and the test results showed that the strength increased from 505 MPa to 586 MPa because the forging would cover defects such as porosity during the casting process (Kavosi et al., 2014). This is in line with the research conducted by Hanamantraygouda et al which stated that UTS will increase in line with the increase in forging reduction and increase in SiC particles up to 15% and will decrease when SiC is more than 15% (Hanamantraygouda and Shivakumar, 2015). When the tensile test was carried out on a specimen with unidirectional forged, bidirectional forged, and MDF, the tensile strength of the three forged results was higher, where MDF hybrid composite increased 13% compared to bidirectional forged and increased 27% compared to uni directional forged (Soundararajan et al., 2020). The similar phenomenon also obtained from Liu, et al. where the tensile strength increased significantly on as cast by 580 MPa and after doing MDF to 660 MPa. The increase in forging reduction will increase the UTS, this can be attributed to the effect of matrix hardening and microstructure changes which indicate a reduction in cavities after forging with grain refinement and grain fragmentation, UTS will increase with increasing deformation degree (Shi et al., 2014; Soundararajan et al., 2020). 4.3 Ductility Forging affects the ductility of a material. Increasing the reduction of forging will decrease the ductility of a material. In Al6061-SiC, the increase in SiC particles in the composite was related to the concentration of the matrix interface stress and SiC particles. X. Liu, et al. studied the MDF and aging treatment effects on friction and wear characterization of aluminum-bronze alloy and the result of study is ductility decreasing sharply before MF engineering strain was carried out by 22.1% but after MF engineering strain was 15.2% (Liu et al., 2020). The ductility value is reduced due to recrystallization and grain modification during the forging process. 5. Conclusions The review of recent studies on forging of AMC, it has been found that hardness and UTS of the composite increased after forging. Increased strength due to grain refinement and increased dislocation density. However, the ductility of the composite will decrease after forging. Forging is done by using open die forging, close die forging, hot forging, warm forging, cold forging, uni directional forging, bi directional forging, and MDF. Forging causes a reduction in the grain size of the matrix. Smaller size matrix grain in close die forging. Grain flow and alignment of microstructure was also uniform which is necessary for the strength of the composites. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the RKAT PTNBH Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta under Scheme of “Penelitian Kolaborasi Internasional UNS” (KI-UNS) - Year 2021, with Grant/Contract No. 260/UN27.22/HK.07.00/2021. The support is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. References Ajeet Babu, P.K., Saraf, M.R., Vora, K.C., Chaurasiya, M.S., Kuppan, P., 2015. Influence of Forging Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior and Hot Forgeability of Aluminium Alloy. Mater. Today Proc. 2, 3238–3244. Akbar, H.I., Surojo, E., Ariawan, D., Putra, G.A., Wibowo, R.T., 2020. Effect of reinforcement material on properties of manufactured aluminum matrix composite using stir casting route. Procedia Struct. Integr. 27, 62–68. Almeida, N.G.S., Pereira, P.H.R., De Faria, C.G., Aguilar, M.T.P., Cetlin, P.R., 2020. Mechanical behavior and microstructures of aluminum processed by low strain amplitude multi-directional confined forging. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 3190–3197. Babu, P.K.A., Saraf, M.R., Vora, K.C., Kuppan, P., 2018. ScienceDirect Forgeability Study of Al 6061 Alloy During Warm Forging of Cylindrical