PSI - Issue 33

Elvira Wahyu Arum Fanani et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 3–10 Fanani et al / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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4. Mechanical properties The recent work on the forging studies of Aluminum matrix composite has been critically studied and their finding have been reported in following Table 3 in comprehensive manner.

Table 3. Research article about forging of aluminum matrix composite.

Scholars

Method

Material

Findings

Dám et al., 2014

centrifugal spraying and hot die forging cold forging with and without lubricant

Al–23Si–8Fe– 5Mn Alloy

The resulting pore-free material, excellent compressive mechanical properties, and a very fine structure are obtained from the fast compaction process. So that it has a significant effect on the hardness and yield strength of the material There was a change in the microstructure of aluminum alloy 6082 during the cold forging process. Lubrication in cold forging effectively reduces surface damage and the coefficient of friction Microstructural studies on Al6061 / nano Al 2 O 3 composite clearly revealed uniform distribution of alumina particles in both as cast and hot forged conditions with excellent bond between the matrix and the reinforcement. Homogenisation improves the material forgeability, the process of homogenising the raw material increase the forgeability of the Al 6061 Hot upset forging brought about considerable improvements in physical and mechanical properties, such as d ensification from 98.7% to 100.0%. The flow stress distribution is more uniform than plastic strain distribution in the multi directionally forged samples

Bouquerel et al., 2015

6082 aluminium alloy

Al6061-Al 2 O 3 Nano Composites Al 6061 Alloy During series aluminum alloy 2024 aluminum alloy 2XXX

Purohit et al., 2017

hot forging

Babu et al., 2018

Warm Forging

Sweet et al., 2019

hot upset forging

Nouri et al., 2020

multi-directional forging (MDF

In a study conducted by Zeng et al on ZrB2p/6061Al composites produced by the casting method, it was found that forging and heat treatment improved mechanical properties (Zeng et al., 2018). Mechanical and metallurgical properties increase during the forging process (Khemraj et al., 2018). The following data can be found in these points. 4.1 Hardness The microhardness of the forged composite is higher than that of the cast composite. In a study conducted by Handrasekhar et.al, it was found that an increase in % SiC as reinforcement would decrease forgeability preforms but increase hardness (Chandrasekhar et al., 2018). Different forging such as 20%, 40%, and 60% increase the hardness of the material by 16%, 33%, and 45% (Hanamantraygouda et al., 2018). Evidence from Sulaiman's research we know that the hardness value of the silicon dioxide reinforced LM6 alloy matrix composites are increased with the increased addition of quartz particulate in the matrix (Sulaiman et al., 2008) Soundararajan et al. performed hardness testing on three specimens with uni directional forged, bi directional forged and multi directional forged hybrid AA8011 with 5 wt% ZrO 2 and 5 wt% Al 2 O 3 , it was found that the hardness of specimens with multi directional forged increased by 12% compared to bidirectional forged and 32 % compared to unidirectional forged (Soundararajan et al., 2020). For further the hardness was increased from 141 VHN to 182 VHN based on a study conducted by Manjunathet et al. on Al7050 by MDF technique (Manjunath et al., 2020). Increased hardness in MDF specimens due to the accumulation of high dislocation density, resulting in highly densification of the particles in the specimen (Soundararajan et al., 2020). The hardness increases directly proportional to the increase in the number of forging passes at an early stage of MAF, from 120 VHN at zeroth pass to 234 VHN at third pass to 253 for the ninth pass (Padap et al., 2009). In a study conducted by Dodangeh et al. on cast Al356 MDF process causes an increase in the strength and hardness of cast and forged samples due to the breakdown of Si particles and the hardening of the α-Al (Dodangeh et al., 2012). According to research conducted by Khemraj, it is known that hardness will increase after both cold and warm forging, but the hardness in warm forging is higher because deformation material obtains strength from precipitation of coherent particles and dislocation accumulated through forming (Khemraj et al., 2018).