PSI - Issue 33

Daniele Gaetano et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 1042–1054 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

1053

12

proposed multiscale framework is the use of a very efficient nonlinear homogenization scheme to be performed in an off-line simulation stage, for the derivation of the overall mechanical response of the composite (including the softening behavior). Therefore, such an approach appears to be preferable to more sophisticated existing multiscale models, such as semi-concurrent and concurrent ones. As possible improvements of this work, a generalization of the proposed two-scale approach to the cases of mixed mode fracture and/or 3D framework could be proposed, in order to simulate more complex failure mechanisms in cross-ply laminates under general loading conditions. Besides, this approach could be used in conjunction to moving mesh techniques, some of which have been recently introduced by some of the authors (Ammendolea et al., 2021; Greco et al., 2021a). Finally, other future perspectives could concern the application of the present approach to the failure simulation of different structural elements, such as brick masonry walls (Pepe et al., 2019), fiber-reinforced concrete members (De Maio et al., 2020a), adhesively bonded ductile sheets (Pascuzzo et al., 2020) and suspension bridges (Lonetti and Pascuzzo, 2020, 2016). Acknowledgements Fabrizio Greco, Paolo Lonetti and Paolo Nevone Blasi gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) under the P.R.I.N. 2017 National Grant “Multiscale Innovative Materials and Structures” (Project Code 2017J4EAYB; University of Calabria Research Unit). Lorenzo Leonetti gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) under the National Grant “PON R&I 2014-2020, Attraction and International Mobility (AIM)”, Project n° AIM1810287, University of Calabria”. References Ammendolea, D., Greco, F., Lonetti, P., Luciano, R., Pascuzzo, A., 2021. Crack propagation modeling in functionally graded materials using Moving Mesh technique and interaction integral approach. Composite Structures 269, 114005. Belytschko, T., Loehnert, S., Song, J.-H., 2008. Multiscale aggregating discontinuities: A method for circumventing loss of material stability: MULTISCALE AGGREGATING DISCONTINUITIES. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 73, 869–894. Belytschko, T., Song, J.-H., 2010. Coarse-graining of multiscale crack propagation: MULTISCALE AGGREGATING DISCONTINUITIES METHOD. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 81, 537–563. Coenen, E.W.C., Kouznetsova, V.G., Geers, M.G.D., 2012. Multi-scale continuous–discontinuous framework for computational homogenization–localization. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 60, 1486–1507. Comi, C., Mariani, S., Perego, U., 2007. An extended FE strategy for transition from continuum damage to mode I cohesive crack propagation. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 31, 213–238. Comsol AB, 2019. COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual. De Borst, R., 1991. SIMULATION OF STRAIN LOCALIZATION: A REAPPRAISAL OF THE COSSERAT CONTINUUM. Engineering Computations 8, 317–332. De Maio, U., Fabbrocino, F., Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Lonetti, P., 2019a. A study of concrete cover separation failure in FRP-plated RC beams via an inter-element fracture approach. Composite Structures 212, 625–636. De Maio, U., Fantuzzi, N., Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Pranno, A., 2020a. Failure Analysis of Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures Enhanced with Nanomaterials by Using a Diffuse Cohesive Interface Approach. Nanomaterials 10, 1792. De Maio, U., Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Luciano, R., Nevone Blasi, P., Vantadori, S., 2019b. A refined diffuse cohesive approach for the failure analysis in quasibrittle materials—part II: Application to plain and reinforced concrete structures. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 42, 2764– 2781. De Maio, U., Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Luciano, R., Nevone Blasi, P., Vantadori, S., 2020b. A refined diffuse cohesive approach for the failure analysis in quasibrittle materials—part I: Theoretical formulation and numerical calibration. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 43, 221–241. Gitman, I.M., Askes, H., Sluys, L.J., 2007. Representative volume: Existence and size determination. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 74, 2518– 2534. Greco, F., Ammendolea, D., Lonetti, P., Pascuzzo, A., 2021a. Crack propagation under thermo-mechanical loadings based on moving mesh strategy. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 114, 103033. Greco, F., Leonetti, L., De Maio, U., Rudykh, S., Pranno, A., 2021b. Macro- and micro-instabilities in incompressible bioinspired composite materials with nacre-like microstructure. Composite Structures 269, 114004. Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Lonetti, P., Luciano, R., Pranno, A., 2020a. A multiscale analysis of instability-induced failure mechanisms in fiber reinforced composite structures via alternative modeling approaches. Composite Structures 251, 112529. Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Medaglia, C.M., Penna, R., Pranno, A., 2018a. Nonlinear compressive failure analysis of biaxially loaded fiber reinforced materials. Composites Part B: Engineering 147, 240–251. Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Nevone Blasi, P., 2014. Adaptive multiscale modeling of fiber-reinforced composite materials subjected to transverse microcracking. Composite Structures 113, 249–263. Greco, F., Leonetti, L., Pranno, A., Rudykh, S., 2020b. Mechanical behavior of bio-inspired nacre-like composites: A hybrid multiscale modeling