PSI - Issue 33

Imam Abdul Majid et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 35–42 Majid et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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3

Equation of displacement: D = X f -X i

(1)

Equation of stress: ߪ ൌ ி ஺ Equation of strain: ߝ ൌ ο ௟ ௟ బ

(2)

(3)

Equation of reaction force: F = - F Equation of safety factor: ݊ ൌ ఙ ಾ ఙ ೈ

(4)

(5)

3. Pioneer works on structural chassis design and analysis The design process of the chassis consists of many steps, from the initial assignment to the task of chassis design to the start of construction. These steps are; to identify the restriction, determine the required performance criteria, research design techniques and methodology, use of CAD software to design chassis and lastly start construction. Throughout these steps, choices must be made based on the targets that are to be achieved to meet the performance requirement. The designer of the chassis must have an idea as to how all components of the car are going to function in relation to each other. As a result, the designer must know how all parts must interact and take this interaction into account when designing the frame. The design of a racing car chassis, or any racing chassis for that matter, is going to be based on suspension points, powertrain layout, driver position controls, safety, etc. These important points must come together to form an effective package for the car to intended performance (Salzano et al., 2009). The driver's safety should be of prime importance form designing a chassis. Hence, the design should be made such that any impact forces do not reach the driver. The ladder frame chassis among various chassis is easy to manufacture and is very cost efficient. A ladder frame chassis also gives proper triangulation since it is based on the truss's working principle. It makes the chassis stronger and more rigid on the application of loads. Main Hoop, Front Hoop, Side Impact Protection and Crush Zone are the various segments that constitute the structure of a chassis, the Main Hoop is meant to ensure the safety of the upper part of the driver’s body, while the Front Hoop is tasked with the protection of the driver’s arm in the event of rollover. The side impact protection section, as the name suggests is meant to protect the driver in the event of a lateral collision with another car. Being frontally placed the crush zone is designed to absorb a significant proportion of energy during a head-on collision. Out of these, the frame provides necessary support to the vehicle components placed on it. Also the frame should be strong enough to withstand shock, twist, vibrations and other stresses. The chassis frame consists of side members attached with a series of cross members. Stress analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) can be used to locate the critical point which has the highest stress. This critical point is one of the factors that may cause the fatigue failure. The accuracy of prediction life of car chassis is depending on the result of its stress analysis. Finite Element Analysis is performed on this design to check for its safety. The weight of the chassis, FEA results and manufacturability were the parameters considered to finalize the chassis design. Dynamic characteristic of a structure can be analyzed either through modal or harmonic analysis which can be carried out from experiment or simulation (He et al., 2001; Bathe, 2014; Caesar et al., 2020; Prabowo et al., 2020). The benefits of using the CAD/CAE technology for the mechanical, electrical and fuel systems layout for rapid analysis of system configuration and re-configuration were also realized (Goodnow et al., 2004). Safety of the driver was the primary objective. Autodesk Fusion 360 was the Software used to construct the CAD design of the Chassis. The basis of the Design was the data acquired from other Departments like Suspension, Steering, Brakes and Power train (Mohammed et al., 2018). All vehicles are subjected to both static and dynamic loads. Dynamic loads result from inertia forces arising from driving on uneven surfaces (Ozes and Kuralay, 2002). Static load of stationary vehicle,