PSI - Issue 33

Imam Abdul Majid et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 33 (2021) 35–42 Majid et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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very rapidly, in developed and developing countries. These developments are required because of the higher levels of human mobility. Based on data from the Indonesian statistical center in 2018, the number of bus vehicles was 2,538,182. As for passenger vehicles or cars as many as 16,440,987. This number will continue to increase over time (BPS-Statistics Indonesia, 2018). Vehicle development has turned to be one of the most challenging fields of engineering over the last decades. Pressure for cost-effective products and the time to market has been increased over the years, which lead the engineering teams to suffer several management experiences, in order to find the optimum development (Spinelli et al., 2001). Chassis is one of the important parts that used in automotive industry (Ghalazy et al., 2014). Automotive chassis is a frame just like skeletal on which various machine parts like engine, tires, axle assemblies, brakes, and steering are bolted. It gives strength and stability to the vehicle under different conditions. Frames provide strength as well as flexibility to the automobile. Automotive chassis is the supporting frame like backbone of any automobile to which the body of an engine, axle assemblies are affixed (Ary et al., 2020). Analysis of the designed chassis referring to an AC Cobra car is carried out to determine how much displacement, stress, strain, reaction force, and safety factor. The proposed chassis is a space frame style design, using Computed Aided Design (CAD), created in Autodesk Fusion 360. After completing the design, using finite element analysis (FEA) techniques, different loading conditions have been simulated to assess the build quality and design and how the chassis would react in different situations. Optimizations helped very much due to the critical areas' visualization and over-build areas of the chassis. 2. Literature review Chassis is the most important part in the stability of a vehicle, because all components related to the stability attached to the chassis. Some of them are suspension, wheels, steering system, braking system, and where to take the engine. The different types of automobile chassis include Ladder chassis, Monocoque chassis and Backbone chassis (Veloso et al., 2009). The ladder chassis considered one of the oldest forms of automotive or car chassis still used by most SUVs today. As its name implies, ladder chassis resembles a ladder shape having two longitudinal rails interlinked by several lateral and cross braces. A finite element stress analysis needs to be carried out at the failure region to determine the stress distribution and possible design improvements. A general engineering approach is to design structures that have maximum internal stress several times safety factor less than the yield strength of the used material to prevent structural failure. Thus, it is a practical purpose to have a method that can be applied to study the chassis response under various loading conditions. This research uses FEA to investigate car chassis response under static loads such as the stress loads, strain, displacement, reaction force, and safety factor.

Fig. 1. A coarse mesh. All nodes and elements lie in the plane of the paper (Cook et al., 1995).

This process results in a set of simultaneous algebraic equations. In stress analysis, these equations are equilibrium equations of the nodes. There may be several hundred or several thousand such equations, which means that computer implementation is mandatory. Eqs. 1-5 is a calculation formula as a basis for analyzing the designed chassis using the finite element approach.