Issue 78

N. Naboulsi et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 78 (2026) 74-95; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.78.05

[29,30] have a significant impact on process reliability. The optimization of all these elements leads to a high-quality final printed product [31].

Figure 1: Graphical representation of the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process.

Figure 2: Ishikawa diagram showing factors influencing the quality of 3D printed parts.

Tensile tests The mechanical tests were performed using an MTS Criterion Model 43 universal testing machine with a maximum load capacity of 30 kN. Although the machine allows a crosshead speed range from 0.005 mm/min to 1,020 mm/min, the crosshead speed was fixed at 1 mm/min according to the standard for all specimens in this study. The machine was

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