Issue 78

S. M. Khalil et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 78 (2026) 346-366; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.78.20

h w h ws Ls

total depth of web [mm]

depth of web excluding stiffened part [mm]

length of stiffener plate [mm] thickness of flange [mm] thickness of stiffener [mm] thickness of web [mm]

t f ts t w

ultimate load from experimental work available in the literature [kN] ultimate load from FEM performed in this paper [kN] Design resistance to transverse force according to EN 1993-1-5 [kN]

P EXP P FEM P code

W ε E ε tr ε u ε y σ E σ tr σ u σ y γ s

loaded length along the beam [mm] Engineering strain of steel [mm/mm] True strain of steel = ln(1+ ε E ) [mm/mm] Ultimate strain of steel [mm/mm] Yield strain of steel [mm/mm] Engineering stress of steel [MPa] True stress of steel = σ E (1+ ε E ) [MPa]

Ultimate stress of steel [MPa] Yield stress of steel [MPa]

Relative flexural rigidity parameter of the longitudinal stiffener [mm/mm] γ s ∗ Prescribed upper limit of the stiffener rigidity parameter in EN 1993-1-5 [mm/mm] k F Critical elastic buckling load of the web under transverse loading m 1 Parameter used in determining the effective loaded length [mm/mm] m 2 Parameter accounting for flange/web geometry in the effective loaded length formulation [mm/mm] L y Effective loaded length parameter before applying the panel-length restriction [mm] λ ¯ F Relative plate slenderness parameter for transverse-force buckling χ F Reduction factor associated with transverse-force buckling I s ℓ ,1,lim. limiting value of I s ℓ ,1 corresponding to γ s = γ s ∗ I s ℓ ,1 Second moment of area of the stiffener plus the prescribed contributing part of the web, about the relevant centroidal axis. [mm 4 ]

366