Issue 78

S. M. Khalil et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 78 (2026) 346-366; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.78.20

Figure 4: First buckling mode shape for different models.

FEM VALIDATION

T

he modelling in this paper is validated against previous research available in the literature. The validation is performed through comparing the ultimate load of experimental work for a total of 12 specimens from four different references of Chacón et al., 2009 [7], Markovic and Kovacevic, 2019 [8], Demari et al., 2020 [17], and Mohamed et al., 2020 [25]. Tab. 1 shows the dimensions of the studied specimens and a comparison between the obtained load from the current FEM and that from the referenced papers. The relation between the failure load obtained from the current FEM (P FEM ) and the experimental failure load obtained from literature (P EXP ) is found to have an average ratio and standard deviation of 1.003 and 0.069, respectively. The FEM is finally validated by comparing the displacement curves, as shown in Fig. 5, and the failure mode shapes, as shown in Fig. 6. All comparisons reveal the good accuracy of the created FEM and its reliability to proceed with the parametric study.

b f /t f mm

d s mm

d w /t w mm 500/4

a mm

Fy w /Fy f MPa

W mm

P EXP kN

P FEM kN

P FEM / P EXP

Ref.

Beam

[7]

1-VPL 2500

200/20

-

2700 325/254 150

217

219

1.01

[7]

2-VPL 2500

200/20

-

500/4

2700 210/449 150

134

155

1.15

[7]

1-VPL 750

200/20

-

500/4

2500 325/454 150

252

255

1.01

[7]

2-VPL 450

200/20

-

500/4

2500 210/449 150

337

314

0.93

[8]

A15

120/8

-

500/4

500

327/321

0

143

144

1.00

[8]

A4

120/8

100

500/4

500

320/315 25

180

158

0.86

[8]

A12

120/8

-

500/4

500

323/321 25

155

155

1.01

[8]

A6

120/8

100

500/4

500

332/320 125

259

248

0.96

[17]

VT07-UN-ST

150/8

200

1000/4

1760 358/328 240

307

320

1.04

[17]

VT08-UN-ST

150/8

150

1000/4

1760 371/283 40

178

180

1.01

[17]

VT09-UN-ST 150/12 150

1000/4

1760 380/275 240

251

253

1.01

[25]

SCHFB

160/6

80

600/3

6000 279/252 90

307

320

1.04

Average

1.003

St.dev.

0.069

Table 1: Validation of the current FEM regarding the ultimate load.

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