Issue 78

V. I. Kolesikov et alii, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 78 (2026) 220-232; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.78.13

phase is confined into the elastic regime in soft/hard composite RVEs; however, it also covers the plastic and hardening regimes in the RVE of hard/hard composite “40CrNiMo/40CrNiMo/40CrNiMo”. Note the much smaller ranges in vM σ 〈 〉 and a c τ 〈 〉 plots with vM ε 〈 〉 for 40CrNiMo phases in RVEs of soft/hard composite (with the Cu phase). This is consistent with the 3D- and 2D-field maps in Figs. 5-7. When comparing vM σ 〈 〉 plots for the Cu phase between RVEs of soft/hard composites “40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo” and “Cu/40CrNiMo/Cu” at the same loading state, one can postulate the following. The Cu phase is more prone to yielding in the RVE of the composite “40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo” with equiaxed microstructure. In regard of the 40CrNiMo phase in soft/hard composite RVEs, the columnar microstructure seems to have higher elasticity (Figs. 8 b and 8 c). Fig. 8 d illustrates the very fast drop of effective plastic flow resistance to nearly constant values for the equiaxed and columnar microstructures in the Cu phase with slightly higher resistance in the columnar microstructure.

40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo and Cu/40CrNiMo/Cu RVE

Cu/40CrNiMo/Cu and 40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo RVE 〈 τ ca 〈 〉 τ ca 〉 b)

3.5E+08

2.1163640E+09

a)

3.0E+08

2.1163635E+09

2.5E+08

2.1163630E+09

〈τ c α ⟩ or 〈σ vM ⟩, Pa

2.0E+08

2.1163625E+09

〈 〈 τ σ c v a M 〉 〉 〈〈 τσ cv aM〉 〉 σvM〉

〈τ c α ⟩, Pa

2.1163620E+09

1.5E+08

2.1163615E+09

1.0E+08

2.1163610E+09

5.0E+07

〈ε vM ⟩

0.1 〈ε vM ⟩

2.1163605E+09

0.0E+00

0.0E+00 4.0E-04 8.0E-04 1.2E-03

0

0.05

0.15

0.2

Cu/40CrNiMo/Cu and 40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo RVE 〈 σ vM 〉 〈 σ vM 〉 c)

40CrNiMo/Cu/40CrNiMo and Cu/40CrNiMo/Cu RVE 〈 τ c α ⟩ / 〈 σ vM ⟩ 〈 τ ca 〉 / 〈 σ vM 〉 d)

1.4

3.0E+08

1.38

2.5E+08

1.36

1.34

2.0E+08

1.32

〈τ c α ⟩/〈σ vM ⟩

〈σ vM ⟩, Pa

1.3

1.5E+08

1.28

1.0E+08

1.26

1.24

5.0E+07

1.22

〈ε vM ⟩

〈ε vM ⟩

1.2

0.0E+00

0.0E+00 5.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.5E-01 2.0E-01

0.0E+00 4.0E-04 8.0E-04 1.2E-03

Figure 8: Volume-averaged plots of a) resistance against the plastic slip and von Mises equivalent stress for Cu phase (solid line displays result with 64 × 64 × 128 RVE resolution), b) the resistance against the plastic slip for 40CrNiMo phase, c) the von Mises equivalent stress for 40CrNiMo phase, and d) the internal plastic resistance indicator for Cu phase. The color coding on plots corresponds to one in RVE names above the graphs.

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