PSI - Issue 83

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 171–178

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ESIAM26 organizers Keywords: Selective laser melting; Processing parameters; Mechanical properties; Process optimization. Abstract Additive manufacturing of metals has gained significant relevance over the last two decades. Among the various technologies available within additive manufacturing, selective laser melting (SLM) has established itself as one of the most promising technologies. Despite its advantages, SLM manufacturing introduces specific challenges in optimal parameter definition. This work studies the influence of printing parameters, namely volumetric energy density and scanning strategy, on the properties of 1.2709 maraging steel produced by SLM. Cubic specimens were manufactured and subjected to density, roughness, and Vickers hardness tests. Results showed that high energy leads to specimens with high densities (99.5%) with good mechanical properties. However, samples produced with low energies result in high porosity and significant performance degradation. The measured hardness ranged from 350-380 HV under optimal conditions. This study demonstrated that the combination of appropriate manufacturing parameters allows the production of 1.2709 maraging steel, using SLM, with properties suitable for industrial applications. The fourth European Conference on the Structural Integrity of Additively Manufactured Materials (ESIAM26) Optimization of 3D printing parameters and characterization of the 1.2709 alloy by Selective Laser Melting process E.N.T. Isidro a , R.F.R. Pinto b , P.R. Resende b,c , R.D.S.G. Campilho a,d *, R. Couto e , R. Rahmani b,f a CIDEM, ISEP – School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal b proMetheus, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal c CEFT, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal d INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal e Grupo E-Materiais, Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales, Mecánica Aplicada y Construcción, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain f CiTin‒ Centro de Interface Tecnológico Industrial, 4970 -786 Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 22 83 40 500; fax: +351 22 83 21 159. E-mail address: raulcampilho@gmail.com

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the ESIAM26 organizers 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.07.020