PSI - Issue 83

Victor Rizov et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 83 (2026) 95–104

104

components can also be arbitrary. The bars are functionally graded along the thickness. Lengthwise cracks can be located in any of the bars. In particular, moving frame-like component having three bars is considered in detail. Determination of the accelerations and the inertia loads in each of the bars is presented. Solution of the SERR is obtained. A detailed parametric study is carried out on how SERR is affected by the geometric shape of the moving frame-like component. The study shows that increasing the angle,  , at which two of the rods are assembled leads to a decrease in SERR. Increasing the ratios, 1 3 / l l , 2 3 / l l and l h / 3 , leads to an increase in the risk of failure since SERR increases. Concerning the effects of the change of parameters related to the material inhomogeneity along the thickness of bars, it is found that increase of parameters,  and  , also increases the risk of failure. Broek, D., 1986. Elementary engineering fracture mechanics. Springer. Dowling, N, 2007. Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Pearson. Frazier, W. E., 2014. Metal additive manufacturing: a review. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 1917–1928. Gururaja Udupa, Shrikantha Rao, S., Rao Gangadharan, K., 2014. Functionally Graded Composite Materials: An Overview. Procedia Materals Science 5, 1291-1299. Mahamood, R.M., Akinlabi, E.T., 2017. Functionally Graded Materials. Springer. Nezhadfar, P. D., Spencer Thompson, Ankit Saharan, Nam Phan, Nima Shamsaei. (2021). Structural integrity of additively manufactured aluminum alloys: Effects of build orientation on microstructure, porosity, and fatigue behaviour. Additive Manufacturing 47. Reichardt, A., Shapiro, A.A. , Otis, R., Dillon, R.P. , Borgonia, J.P., Mc-Enemey, B.W., 2020. Advances in additive manufacturing of metalbased functionally graded materials, International Materials Reviews 66, 1-29. Rizov, V.I., Altenbach, H., 2019. On the analysis of lengthwise fracture of functionally graded round bars. Structural Integrity and life 19, 102– 108 Rizov, V.I, Altenbach, H., 2020. Longitudinal fracture analysis of inhomogeneous beams with continuously varying sizes of the cross-section along the beam length, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 53, 38-50. Toudehdehghan, J., Lim, W., Foo1, K. E., Ma’arof, M. I. N., Mathews J., 2017. A brief review of functionally graded materials. MATEC Web of Conferences 131, 03010. Sha, A., Aliyev, R., Zeidler, H., Krinke, S., 2023. A Review of the Recent Developments and Challenges in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing References

(WAAM) Process. J. Manuf. Mater. Process 7, 97. Tsankov, T., 1996. Theory of Plasticity, Science.

Yan Li, Zuying Feng, Liang Hao, Lijing Huang, Chenxing Xin, Yushen Wang, Emiliano Bilotti, Khamis Essa, Han Zhang, Zheng Li, Feifei Yan, Ton Peijs, 2020. A review on functionally graded materials and structures via additive manufacturing: from multi-scale design to versatile functional properties. Adv Mater Technol. 5,1900981.