PSI - Issue 78

Graziano Leoni et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1443–1450

1446

underground honeycomb concrete structure, which also serves as a reaction mass. Considering the underground box portion hosting the trench and adjacent corridor — with a strong floor 1.5 m thick and concrete walls 0.8 – 1.0 m thick — the mass ratio reaches nearly 19. The hydraulic system is installed in dedicated service areas and supports continuous operation for up to 72 hours. A 30-tons overhead crane facilitates installation, maintenance, and replacement of components, serving all experimental zones (Figures 3 – 5). This setup enables a wide range of experiments, including seismic testing, soil structure interaction studies, and hybrid simulations.

Table B movable

Table A fixed

Fig. 3. Position of the shake tables in plan view at ground level (+0.00 m).