PSI - Issue 78

Antonio Sandoli et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 78 (2026) 1302–1309

1305

The data extracted from the databases are of different formats, such as shapefiles, which is a data format developed by ESRI. It is made with different files with various extensions. The component with “.shp” extension contains primitive elements, such as points, lines and polygons, while the “.shx” file indexes geometries, and the “.dbf” file contains the database with the attributes. Further data integrated in this file are the geographic coordinate system (“.prj”), and metadata information (“.qmd”), among the others. To visualize the resulting data and to process it with geostatistical approaches, the QGIS software is adopted in this paper. QGIS v3.4.0 (2025) is an open-source software, whose source code is freely accessible. It allows handling both georeferenced vectorial files and raster files, with the possibility to convert the data from one format to another. In this framework, QGIS represents a crucial tool to harmonize and make interoperable the collected data. In other databases, the data are available as CAD files (“.dwf”) for vectorial CAD data; as “.kmz” files, consisting of a compressed file with both vectorial and raster data, and “.pdf” files. Among the raster files, the data can be available as WMS, which allows to obtain images from different online servers, while the “.tiff” files contain high quality images without data loss. In this study, the obtained data are converted into comma separated values (“.csv”), which is easily convertible into other formats. The values are separated by a comma and the data are switched into lines. Among the different data-type, the administrative boundaries are obtained from the shapefile provided by ISTAT within the WGS84 coordinate system. In the shapefile attribute table, there is information about areas, and reference codes for region, province and towns. In parallel, the geometries of the buildings are obtained from another shapefile of the Structural Aggregates of Civil Protection, where an ID Code is associated to each aggregate. In the Attribute table, there is data on area, perimeter and ID of each building. The data can be downloaded from the GitHub platform. However, for the Molise Region, the vectorial data is missing. For this reason, the data were requested and obtained form the Italian Revenue Agency. The analysis of seismic risk was one of the main topics of the work. The INGV seismic hazard map was obtained as a shapefile downloadable from the ArcGIS HUB with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Furthermore, the disaggregation analysis, with a return period of 475 years developed by INGV, is available on the INGV WebGIS platform. The data was downloaded as text files and included in the analysis. The data referred to the potential seismicity can be obtained from the INGV website as “.kmz”, “.shp”, or “.gmt” files. The last version is the 3.3.0 of 2021. A wide amount of information on seismogenic sources are available, such as strike, dip, rake, average location, dimensions, average displacement rate. The INGV website also provided with the DEM data as “.tiff” files, in the framework of the Tinitaly project. On the other hand, on the ITACA platform, all the recording stations located in the Italian territory are available. The data are available in both “.kml” and “.csv” formats. In the attribute table, for each station, there are details referring to station name, location, and number of recordings. The latter are available as ASCII files, as processed or unprocessed data. In the first lines of the file, various pieces of information with reference to sensors, filtering, event, duration, are reported. Even the data regarding historical seismicity were obtained. In fact, the Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes was consulted, and the data were downloaded as a “.xlsx” file. Here, the information refers to location, magnitude and date of historical events. Particularly difficult to render interoperable are the data coming from Seismic Microzonation Studies. Very often the data are available either in “.pdf” or “.dwg” formats. For this reason, they require to be digitized to be accounted for in this study. The ISTAT database on residential buildings is available in “.csv” format. Data on geographical units, data type, number of residential buildings, occupancy rate, number of units, construction material, state of preservation, construction period, and census year, among the others, are obtained. The ISTAT web platform also allows data queries based on these attributes. On the other hand, private citizens can access to the AINOP platform through SPID authentication. Here, queries can be run to find data on infrastructure type, infrastructure code, work type and name, date of commissioning, geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude), as well as administrative information including granting. However, data cannot be downloaded. With reference to the CARTIS Database, data on each structural typology are reported. Unfortunately, the database is still under construction and, consequently, some data are not available for all the Italian Regions. Registered users with an authorization can access the Da.D.O. platform. Each record refers to the database includes the building ID, municipality, ISTAT code, vulnerability class, and seismic damage grade according to the EMS-98 scale. Similarly, authorized users can access the IRMA platform and download risk or damage maps. For example, to obtain a damage map, users can select an