PSI - Issue 77

Christian J. Silva et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 631–638 Silva et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000

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t = 0.1 s

Fig. 4. Comparison of von Mises stress contour and deformation at various time frames (Left: Original design; Right: Modified design)

3.3. Comparative Evaluation of Baseline vs. Modified Model

• Survival Space The second survival space criterion of regulation EN 15227 was chosen to compare the performance of both structures. The above mentioned criteria states that, at both ends of the vehicle structure, the final 5 m may reduce in length by no more than 100 mm. To assess this metric, the evolution of nodal displacements was monitored at every instant of the collision simulation (Figure 6), and the deformation of both designs was extracted at three instants of the simulation (Figure 7). For the final 5 m of the structures, the maximum reduction in length obtained was 185.65 mm, for the original design, and 90.70 mm for the modified design. Only the latter is below the limit established in the regulation.

Fig. 5. Comparison of reduction in length vs. simulation time for the original and modified designs

t = 0.00 s