PSI - Issue 77

Christian J. Silva et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 77 (2026) 631–638 Silva et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000

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windows located in passenger areas is evident, which would pose an evident risk to human lives. These observations motivate the need for a modified design for failure mitigation.

t = 0.00 s

t = 0.05 s

t = 0.10 s

Figure 3 – von Mises stress contour and deformation of the original structure at various time frames

3.2. Modified Structure for failure mitigation The collision simulation was repeated for a modified design, maintaining the same boundary conditions for comparison. Figure 5 depicts a comparison of the deformation of both designs at three instants of the crash simulation. By visual inspection, the modified design resulted in a different crash dynamic in which regions more suited to collapse in a controlled manner, namely the end wall area instead of the passenger survival space, are the most solicited, absorbing collision energy. t = 0.00 s t = 0.05 s